ISBN: 978-80-7509-793-4 | ISBN online: 978-80-7509-809-2 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-809-2

Hloubková aplikace organické hmoty u vinic a ověření jejího vlivu na půdní a růstové podmínky vol: XIV/1

Patrik Burg, Pavel Zemánek, Barbora Badalíková, Vladimír Mašán, Patrik Zatloukal, Alice Čížková, Martin Vašinka

The presented publication provides a comprehensive summary of the results achieved in the implementation of experiments associated with the design, construction development and verification of equipment for deep application of organic matter to the inter-row strips in vineyards in the period 2017–2020. The newly developed device is designed as a tractor-mounted machine on a single- axle chassis with a loading shell with a volume of 3.0 m3 and a total load capacity of 2.0 t. The working device consists of 2 defraying ploughshares with an advanced disc coulter, which are mounted on laterally extendable beams. After the countersinking, the ploughshare forms a furrow, the applied material is fed into it and the furrow is subsequently covered. The axial distance of both ploughshares is adjustable with regard to the different width of the inter-rows of vineyards. The machine allows to apply the material, most often compost, to the inter-row strips in inter-rows with a width of 2.20–3.00 m. The applied dose is in the range of 20–50 t/ha, the working speed of the set is 2–4 km/h. In addition to the development of the facility, semi-operating experiments were carried out simultaneously in vineyards at two sites in Lednice and Velké Bílovice. The aim of these experiments was to verify the effect of deep application of organic matter. The evaluation focused on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and at the same time on the growth of the vine, the yield and the quality of the grapes. The performed, repeated observations for the period 2018–2020 show a positive effect of the applied organic matter on the improvement of the physical properties of the soil and on the reduction of the penetrometric resistivity. From the chemical properties of the soil, the content of basic accessible nutrients in the soil, soil reactions, the content of Corg and the humus content calculated from it were evaluated. Furthermore, the quality of humus and the degree of humification were evaluated. The obtained results again indicate the beneficial effects of deep application of compost both on soil properties and on the growth and development of vine shrubs. The performed economic evaluation shows that the average saving of deep application costs, in comparison with standard procedures, reaches 2 200–2 600 CZK/ha. Depending on the width of the inter-row, this represents 34–49 %. The results of the work show that the deep application of compost into the inter-row strips in vineyards has an effect on the improvement of soil conditions in the production areas of vineyards and allows to achieve higher yields and higher quality of production. It can be expected that other benefits of this method of application will also be an increase in soil retention capacity and a reduction in erosion in sloping positions.

Keywords: viticulture, organic matter, compost, deep application, physical and chemical properties of soil, economic efficiency

1. edition, Published: 2021, online: 2021, publisher: Mendelova univerzita v Brně