DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-932-7-0047

KRAJINNÉ ZMĚNY VE VYBRANÝCH LOKALITÁCH POLABÍ SE ZAMĚŘENÍM NA MOKŘADY, VČETNĚ RYBNÍKŮ

Pavel Richter

LANDSCAPE CHANGES IN SELECTED LOCATIONS OF POLABÍ LOWLAND WITH A FOCUS ON WETLANDS, INCLUDING PONDS
This article presents three typologically different sites from Polabí where large-scale wetland sites were located in the past, including ponds. These sites were chosen in order to present disappeared floodplain meadows, disappeared “field” wetlands, disappeared ponds and, simultaneously, to present sites where wetland habitats have been at least partially restored. The main aim was to present easily accessible archival maps, on the basis of which it is possible to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of wetland habitats in the places of disappeared wetlands with regard to their possible restoration. The article presents the map of the 2nd military mapping as best suited for primary detection of historic wetlands. This map shows the state of the landscape in the mid-19th century rather accurately. It was, among other things, a landscape of almost unregulated watercourses, including their floodplains, as well as wetlands and springs where there is arable land nowadays. However, even the spatially less accurate map of the 1st military mapping from the second half of the 18th century provides suitable information for rough identification or detection of wetlands. Müller’s map of Bohemia from 1720, which is spatially inaccurate, can also be used as a supplement to newer documents because it shows water bodies (ponds). The information obtained can be used, for example, in landscape planning, especially with regard to the restoration and management of wetland habitats, including ponds. There is an increase in landscape biodiversity at the sites restored in this way, which is in line with the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.

Keywords: archival maps; wetlands; water retention in the landscape; floodplains of watercourses; ponds

pages: 47-62, online: 2023