DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-048-1-0261
FROM TRADITION TO INNOVATION: GOAT’S MILK IN MODERN DAIRY
- Ivan Vnučec1, Ivica Kos1, Darija Bendelja Ljoljić1
- 1 Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Goat's milk has long been used for human consumption and is now recognised as a food with high nutritional and functional properties and a low environmental footprint. It is rich in important nutrients such as protein, calcium, vitamins (especially A and B) and minerals such as phosphorus and potassium and offers a healthy alternative to conventional cow's milk. Goat's milk is known to be easier to digest, making it a favoured choice for people with lactose intolerance or a sensitive digestive system. Compared to cow’s milk, it contains higher levels of certain favourable fatty acids, including medium-chain triglycerides, which are associated with various health benefits. Due to its nutritional richness and unique composition, goat’s milk is increasingly recognised as a key ingredient in the production of innovative dairy products that meet the changing needs and dietary habits of consumers. In addition, goats are known to efficiently convert their feed into milk and require less land and resources compared to cows. Their adaptability to different climates and terrains makes goat farming a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for milk production. By combining the versatility and nutritional benefits of goat's milk, the dairy industry can appeal to health-conscious consumers looking for new flavours, functional ingredients and high-quality dairy products (artisanal cheese, yoghurt, butter, rich ice cream and other dairy desserts).
Keywords: goats, milk, health benefits, innovative dairy products
pages: 261-266, online: 2025
References
- AL Kaisy, Q. H., J. S. Al-Saadi, A. K. J. AL-Rikabi, A. B. Altemimi, M. A. Hesarinejad, T. G. Abedelmaksoud (2023): Exploring the health benefits and functional properties of goat milk proteins. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 5641-1. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3531
Go to original source... - Attaie, R., R. L. Richter (2000): Size distribution of fat globules in goat milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, (5): 940-944. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74957-5
Go to original source... - Banjare, K., M. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kartikyen, B. K. Goel, S. Uprit (2017): Perspective role of goat milk and products: a review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5 (4): 1328-1338. https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/?year=2017&vol=5&issue=4&ArticleId=813&si=false
- Benjamin-van Aalst, O., C. Dupont, L. van der Zee, J. Garssen, K. Knipping (2024): Goat milk allergy and a potential role for goat milk in cow's milk allergy. Nutrients, 16 (15): 2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152402
Go to original source... - FAO (2018): Transforming the livestock sector through the Sustainable Development Goals. Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/CA1201EN/ca1201en.pdf
- FAO (2023): FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
- Hammam, A. R. A., S. M. Salman, M. S. Elfaruk, K. A. Alsaleem (2022): Goat Milk: compositional, technological, nutritional and therapeutic aspects: a review. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 41 (4): 367-376. https://doi:10.18805/ajdfr.DRF-261.
Go to original source... - Kondyli, E., C. Svarnas, J. Samelis, M. C. Katsiari (2012): Chemical composition and microbiological quality of ewe and goat milk of native Greek breeds, Small Ruminant Research, 103 (2-3): 194-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.043
Go to original source... - Kumar, H., D. Yadav, N. Kumar, R. Seth, A. K. Goyal (2016): Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of goat milk - a review. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 69 (5): 513-518. https://doi.org/10.33785/IJDS.2022.v75i01.001
Go to original source... - Lund, A. K., Ahmad, M. (2021): Production potential, nutritive value and nutraceutical effects of goat milk. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 9 (1): 65-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2021
Go to original source... - Moises, R. M. M., C. C. M. Salgueiro, M. S. P. Leitão, J. F. Nunes (2024): Exploring goat's milk cheese: A systematic review of production techniques and innovations (2013-2023). Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 27, e2023152. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.15223
Go to original source... - Nayik, G. A., Y. D. Jagdale, S. A. Gaikwad, A. N. Devkatte, A. H. Dar, M. J. Ansari (2023): Nutritional profile, processing and potential products: a comparative review of goat milk. Dairy, 3, 622-647. https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy3030044
Go to original source... - Nelson Navamniraj, K., K. Sivasabari, J. Ankitha Indu, D. Krishnan, M. R. Anjali, P. R. Akhil, M. Pran, F. Nainu, S. V. Praveen, P. Singh, H. Chopra, C. Chakraborty, A. Dey, K. Dhama, D. Chandran (2023): Beneficial impacts of goat milk on the nutritional status and general well-being of human beings: Anecdotal evidence. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 11 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).1.15
Go to original source... - Paszczyk, B., M. Czarnowska-Kujawska, J. Klepacka, E. Tońska (2023): Health-promoting ingredients in goat's milk and fermented goat's milk drinks. Animals, 13, 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050907
Go to original source... - Prosser, C. G. (2021): Compositional and functional characteristics of goat milk and relevance as a base for infant formula. Journal of Food Science, 86 (2): 257-265. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15574
Go to original source... - Research and Markets (2025): Goat milk products market 2023. Available at: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5561862/goat-milk-products-market-size-share-and-trends Accessed 07/02/2025
- Ribeiro, A. C., S. D. A. Ribeiro (2010): Specialty products made from goat milk. Small Ruminant Research, 89, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.048
Go to original source... - Sanz Ceballos, L., E. Ramos Morales, G. de la Torre Adarve, J. Díaz Castro, L. Pérez Martínez, M. Remedios Sanz Sampelayo (2009): Composition of goat and cow milk produced under similar conditions and analyzed by identical methodology. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22 (4): 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.10.020
Go to original source... - Sepe L, A. Argüello (2019): Recent advances in dairy goat products. Animal Bioscience, 32 (8): 1306-1320. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0487
Go to original source... - Serdyukova, Y. P., I. G. Kazarova, A. A. Zakurdaeva, I. F. Gorlov, E. Y. Anisimova, N.I. Mosolova (2021): Fermented goat milk product: Improvement of the production technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 677 - 0320893. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/677/3/032083
Go to original source... - Tarola, A. M., R. Preti, A. M. Girelli, P. Campana (2019): Recent advances in the valorization of goat milk: nutritional properties and production sustainability. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering, 13 (6): 183-188. https://iris.uniroma1.it/retrieve/e3835322-6452-15e8-e053-a505fe0a3de9/Tarola_Goat-milk_2019.pdf
- UN (2015): Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. United Nations. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-sustainable-development-17981
- Zulkifli, T. I. N. T. M., S. Syahlan, A. R. Saili, J. T. Pahang, N. A. Ruslan, A. Suyanto (2023): Consumer preferences towards goat milk and goat milk products: a mini review. Food Research, 7, (Suppl. 2): 57-69. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(S2).15
Go to original source...

