DOI - Vydavatelství Mendelovy univerzity v Brně

Identifikátory DOI

DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-087-0-0423

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND RECREATIONAL TOURISM IN DAR ES SALAAM: A REVIEW OF CURRENT CHALLENGES

Azizi Selemani Msuya1,2, Veronika Piscová2,3
1 College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, P.O Box 3031, 25000 Moshi, Tanzania
2 Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia
3 Institute of Landscape Ecology – branch Nitra, Akademicka 2, 949 10 Nitra, Slovakia


As the primary gateway for tourists in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam faces critical wastewater management challenges that directly threaten the integrity of its tourism industry. The majority of the city’s wastewater is discharged untreated into the Indian Ocean. For sustainable tourism, this translates into beach pollution, health risks for visitors, and a loss of aesthetic appeal. Sustainable tourism requires a safe and hygienic environment; however, odors and visible pollution in tourist areas are in direct conflict with the concept of 'ecotourism.' This study aims to identify key practices, successes, and failures, and to explore future prospects for wastewater management in relation to recreational tourism in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A systematic search and review of peer-reviewed and grey literature were conducted using electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, Jstor, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. To ensure the stability of the tourism sector, we recommend the implementation of small-scale treatment plants directly within hotel complexes and tourist resorts, along with the construction of artificial wetlands to naturally filter wastewater. Furthermore, essential collaboration between municipal authorities and tourism operators is required, focusing on financing the modernization of the sewerage network in key locations.

Klíčová slova: ecotourism, sustainable tourism, tourism infrastructure development, recreational water quality, Tanzania

stránky: 423-426, Publikováno: 2026, online: 2026



Reference

  1. Alengebawy, A., Ran, Y., Osman, A. I., Jin, K., Samer, M., Ai, P. (2024). Anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste for biogas production and sustainable bioenergy recovery: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 22(6), 2641-2668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01789-1 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  2. Bakari, S. S., Kyonda, S. M., Kai, K. H., Giaccio, F., Sappa, G., De Filippi, F. M. (2025). The Effect of Urbanization on the Groundwater Availability in the Masingini-Mwanyanya Catchment Forest, Unguja Island, Zanzibar (Tanzania). Hydrology, 12(11), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12110295 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  3. BioInnovate Africa (2014, February 20). Project on wastewater treatment technologies in Tanzania seeks to transform agro-processing industry in eastern Africa. https://bioinnovate-africa.org/project-on-wastewater-treatment-technologies-in-tanzania-seeks-to-transform-agro-processing-industry-in-eastern-africa/
  4. Catherine, M., Augustina, A. (2022). Efficacy assessment of decentralized wastewater treatment systems in treating faecal sludge within Dar es Salaam City. International Journal of Science Advances, 3(5), 782-788. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  5. Datola, G. (2023). Implementing urban resilience in urban planning: A comprehensive framework for urban resilience evaluation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 98, 104821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104821 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  6. EWURA (Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority) (2020). Water and wastewater quality monitoring guidelines for water supply and sanitation authorities. https://www.ewura.go.tz/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Water-and-Wastewater-Quality-Monitoring-Guidelines-2020.pdf
  7. Hreiz, R., Latifi, M. A., Roche, N. (2015). Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art. Chemical Engineering Journal, 281, 900-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.124 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  8. Chaggu, E., Mashauri, D., van Buuren, J., Sanders, W., Lettinga, G. (2002). Excreta disposal in Dar-es-Salaam. Environmental Management, 30(5), 609-620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2685-8 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  9. Kasala, S. E., Burra, M. M., Mwankenja, T. S. (2016). Access to improved sanitation in informal settlements: The case of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Current Urban Studies, 4(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2016.41003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  10. Kegl, T., Torres Jiménez, E., Kegl, B., Kovač Kralj, A., Kegl, M. (2025). Modeling and optimization of anaerobic digestion technology: Current status and future outlook. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 106, 101199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101199 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  11. Kitole, F. A., Ojo, T. O., Emenike, C. U., Khumalo, N. Z., Elhindi, K. M., Kassem, H. S. (2024). The impact of poor waste management on public health initiatives in shanty towns in Tanzania. Sustainability, 16(24), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16241624 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  12. Lau, W. W. Y., Shiran, Y., Bailey, R. M., Cook, E., Stuchtey, M. R., Koskella, J. et al. (2020). Evaluating Scenarios toward Zero Plastic Pollution. Science, 369, 1455-1461. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  13. McFarlane, C., Desai, R., Graham, S. (2014). Informal urban sanitation: Everyday life, poverty, and comparison. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(5), 989-1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.923718 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  14. Mohammed, S. (2022). Quantifying Plastic Deposition on Urban Tanzanian Beaches. African Journal of Marine Science, 44, 133-145
  15. Mollel, R.G. and Mwendapole, M. J. (2025) Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of Solid-Waste Pollution on Local Communities and Tourism at Kigamboni Beach, Dar es Salaam. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13, 565-579. doi: 10.4236/jss.2025.139034. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  16. Nayeri, D., Mohammadi, P., Bashardoust, P., Eshtiaghi, N. (2024). A comprehensive review on the recent development of anaerobic sludge digestions: Performance, mechanism, operational factors, and future challenges. Results in Engineering, 15, 102292. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  17. NEMC (National Environment Management Council) (2007). Municipal wastewater management in Tanzania. Retrieved from https://www.nairobiconvention.org/CHM%20Documents/WIO-Lab%20Outputs/National%20reports/TANZANIA%20MUNICIPAL%20WASTEWATER%20MANAGEMENT%20REPORT%20OCTOBER%202007.pdf
  18. Said, K., Msuya, F. (2020). Macro-Litter Assessment along Tanzania's Mainland Shore. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 157, Article 111374
  19. Siddiqui, M. I., Rameez, H., Farooqi, I. H., Basheer, F. (2023). Recent advancement in commercial and other sustainable techniques for energy and material recovery from sewage sludge. Water, 15(5), Article 5. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  20. Singh, N. K., Kazmi, A. A., Starkl, M. (2014). A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: Techno-economical approach. Water Science and Technology, 71(4), 468-478. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.413 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  21. Sinharoy, S. S., Pittluck, R., Clasen, T. (2019). Review of drivers and barriers of water and sanitation policies for urban informal settlements in low-income and middle-income countries. Utilities Policy, 60, 100957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.100957 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  22. Sweya, L. N., Wilkinson, S., Chang-Richard, A. (2018). Understanding water systems resilience problems in Tanzania. Procedia Engineering, 212, 488-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.063 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  23. The Nature Conservancy (2021). Tanzania - Wastewater pollution. Reef Resilience Network. https://reefresilience.org/case-studies/tanzania-wastewater-pollution/
  24. Todd, G., Msuya, I., Levira, F., Moshi, I. (2019). City profile: Dar es Salaam. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 10(2), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859175 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  25. UN-Habitat (2021). Waste Wise Cities Tool in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. https://www.africancleancities.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/Dar%20es%20Salaam.pdf
  26. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), UN-Habitat, BORDA (2018). Guidelines for the Application of Small-Scale, Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Code of Practice for Decision Makers. Nairobi: UNEP, 2018. Dostupné na: https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/guidelines-application-small-scale-decentralized-wastewater-treatment-systems.
  27. Wawa, A. I. (2020). Challenges facing wastewater management in fast-growing cities in Tanzania: A case of Dodoma city council. Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania, 27(1), 1-14. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  28. Waycott, M., Duarte, C., Carruthers, T., Orth, R., Dennison, W., Olyarnik, S., Calladine, A., Fourqurean, J., Heck, K., Hughes, A., Kendrick, G., Kenworthy, W., Short, F., Williams, S. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrass across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106. 12377-81. 10.1073/pnas.0905620106. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  29. Wilson, C. (2015). Down the drain: A social-ecological study of the impacts of sewage and wastewater discharges in Msasani Bay, Tanzania. [Master's thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences].
  30. World Bank (2024). World Bank Annual Report 2024: A Better Bank for a Better World (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099101824180532047
  31. Worrall, L., Colenbrander, S., Palmer, I., Makene, F., Mushi, D., Kida, T., Martine, M., Godfrey, N. (2017). Better urban growth in Tanzania: A preliminary exploration of the opportunities and challenges. Coalition for Urban Transitions.
  32. Yao, C., Han, C., Wang, Z., Friese, K., Wang, Y., Zuo, S., Kimirei, I. A., Kishe, M. A., Gao, Q., Xiong, C., Guo, Z., Yuan, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Chen, S. S., Shen, Q. (2023). Water quality degradation in urban rivers of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Changes, status, and sources. Science of The Total Environment, 867, 161453. doi.org. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Návrat zpět