ISBN online: 978-80-7509-979-2 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2
VENKOVSKÁ KRAJINA 2024 / RURAL LANDSCAPE 2024
31. 5. – 1. 6. 2024 Vyškov, Česká republika
- Jaromíra Vítámvásová (ed.), Tomáš Slach (ed.)
Proceedings of the 19th international interdisciplinary conference.
online: 2024, publisher: Mendelova univerzita v Brně
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Conference papers
DRAČINEC OBROVSKÝ (DRACAENA DRACO SUBSP. DRACO) – CHARAKTERISTICKÁ DŘEVINA VENKOVSKÉ KRAJINY OSTROVA TENERIFE / DRAGON TREE (DRACAENA DRACO SUBSP. DRACO) – CHARACTERISTIC TREE OF THE RURAL LANDSCAPE OF TENERIFE ISLAND
Lucie Bauerová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0009
Dracaena draco subsp. draco represents the symbol of the Canary Islands. Wild populations are extremely rare, however, the species is widely cultivated here. Within data collection, we focused only on artificially planted individuals, located mostly in home gardens of local residents of the Tenerife Island. The age of this species is not precisely known, and since dragon trees do not create tree rings that correspond to annual increments, age can be estimated either by indirect or direct methods. We focused on a direct method by direct questioning of local residents on the island to determine a methodology of age determination of this species.
PODPORA PŘIROZENÝCH OPYLOVAČŮ V KULTURNÍ KRAJINĚ / SUPPORT OF NATURAL POLLINATORS IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Ondřej Cudlín, Martin Šlachta, Magda Edwards-Jonášová, Renata Včeláková, Pavel Cudlín
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0014
Pollination by natural pollinators is important for many agricultural and wild plants. Our study aimed to determine the food supply for solitary bees at selected localities during the vegetation period. The inventory of plant species and the cover of flowering herbs and solitary bee populations were carried out in orchards and agricultural landscapes during the growing season in 2018–2022. Higher cover of flowering herbs were found in the flower strips in orchards and arable land. All surveyed alleys, balks, and flowering strips appeared to be important food sources for pollinators.
PRÍNOS CHRÁNENÝCH ÚZEMÍ K ZMIERNENIU VPLYVU FRAGMENTÁCIE KRAJINY NA SLOVENSKU / CONTRIBUTION OF PROTECTED AREAS TO MITIGATE THE EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION IN SLOVAKIA
Ján Černecký(ORCID: 0000-0003-2906-9573 ), Juraj Švajda, Viktória Ďuricová, Jana Špulerová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0020
The main aim of the research is to identify landscape fragmentation (LF) in Slovakia with special emphasis on the contribution of protected areas (PAs) to mitigate the effect of LF. Results are presented in the final raster output (10 m grid). The raster contains 490,321,151 individual 10 m raster grids, with the LF average value of 59.12 % (where 0 represents fragmented landscape, 100 represents fully connected landscape by natural or semi-natural ecosystems) on the national level For each category of PA, individual statistics of quality and quantity of LF are estimated and subsequently compared with unprotected parts of Slovakia. The comparison of all PAs with each other resulted in 1,132 unique assessments. The overall average value of LF of unprotected parts is still rather high (56.42 %) and it shows that there are still significant areas existing, which are situated in unprotected parts of the country.
SMETISKÁ A SKLÁDKY ODPADU VO VIDIECKEJ KRAJINE A ICH BIODIVERZITA / DUMPS (GARBAGE DUMPS) AND LANDFILLS IN RURAL LANDSCAPE AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY
Pavol Eliáš st.
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0026
Garbage dumps and waste dumps (landfills) are considered anthropogenic soils and/ or anthroposols (anthrosols), resulting from the accumulation of relocated organic and inorganic waste and characterized by a specific A horizon. In the rural landscape, they represent an anthropogenic form of relief. From an ecological point of view, they are considered semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems. They were characterized by substrate, size, age and location in the rural landscape. They are analyzed as suitable habitats for different groups of organisms - anthropogenic biotopes. They are inhabited by apophytes and anthropophytes: introduced alien plants (archaeophytes, neophytes). The most common vascular plant species were Amaranthus retroflexus, Achillea millefolium, Arctium lappa, Artemisia vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Poa annua, Polygonum aviculare, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica (Tab. I). The proportion of invasive alien plant species was low (2–4 %). The course of succession (sequences of succession) from the initial stages to the final stages is described. From an environmental point of view (unmanaged and illegal landfills) represent pollution, a risk for the environment (soil, water, air) and require removal or rehabilitation (old environmental burdens). The ecological functions of vegetation (biological, soil-forming, soil protective, aesthetic, hygienic one) can be used in the reclamation of landfills.
HODNOTENIE VEGETÁCIE ÚZEMIA OBCE NOVÁ VIESKA (JZ SLOVENSKO) / ASSESSMENT OF VEGETATION OF NOVÁ VIESKA VILLAGE (SW SLOVAKIA)
Ľuboš Halada, Stanislav David
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0040
We mapped and evaluated the vegetation of the Nová Vieska village, located in the intensively used agricultural landscape of the Danube Plain. We documented 116 vegetation stands in which we recorded 430 taxa of vascular plants. Ruderal habitats prevailed, linear stands, meadows and forests were also common. Dry and warm grasslands exhibit the most natural species composition, the least natural were permanent cultures and ruderal stands. We found the occurrence of 24 invasive species, 70.4 % of the mapped stands had at least one invasive species. In 32 stands we recorded 46 threatened species, 13 of them are protected by law. Most endangered species are associated with Natura 2000 habitats 6250 Pannonian loess steppic grasslands and 40A0 Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub.
VYMEZENÍ NIV V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE – METODIKA RÁMCOVÉHO A PODROBNÉHO VYMEZENÍ JAKO VÝSLEDEK VÝZKUMNÉHO PROJEKTU A POTENCIÁL PRO APLIKACI V PRAXI / DELINEATION OF FLOODPLAINS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - METHODOLOGY OF FRAMEWORK AND DETAILED DELINEATION AS A RESULT OF A RESEARCH PROJECT AND POTENTIAL FOR APPLICATION IN PRACTICE
Michael Hošek, Tomáš Bartaloš, Radek Kadlubiec, Michal Kešner, Přemysl Pavka, Klára Pavková, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0047
Of the significant landscape elements (SLEs) by law, the floodplains are the one that has the biggest problem in their definition and protection. At the same time, it is a phenomenon that is very important not only in terms of natural values but also in terms of spatial development. We have tried to solve the lack of a methodologically uniform approach that would be generally accepted through the project „Practical tools for the planning and protection of the SLE of the floodplain“ in 2020–2023 with the financial participation of the Technology Agency (TA CR). The result is an officially approved methodology according to which floodplains can be defined uniformly at the level of municipalities with extended competence at a detailed scale and in a continuous manner so that they are connected to each other without regard to administrative boundaries.
PROMĚNA VENKOVSKÉ KRAJINY KOLEM KŘTIN / TRANSFORMATION OF THE RURAL LANDSCAPE AROUND KŘTINY VILLAGE
Petr Jelínek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0052
The use of the landscape of the Moravian Karst goes back to prehistoric times and this also applies to its central part, where the town of Křtiny is located. The Výpustek cave and the valley, especially with the Býčí skála cave (Bull Rock cave), were used by prehistoric people and later by more modern cultures in the Bronze Age. Here the shrine of celtic cultures was based. Later, a village and a temple were built in the valley of the Křtinský brook, which continued the old rites and significance. Even before the construction of the baroque church, numerous pilgrimages took place here and the local markets also took advantage of the findings from the caves, especially the Vypustek. The landscape was already partly deforested with numerous fields and pastures. In the last two hundred years the area has undergone major changes, with the use of fossil fuels reducing pressure on the forests and increasing pressure on the open countryside, which is being more intensively exploited. This has gone hand in hand with the decline of some rare species tied to this environment.
MUNGONGO TREE, VÝZNAMNÝ STROM LESŮ JIŽNÍ A ZÁPADNÍ ZAMBIE A JEHO VYUŽITÍ / THE MUNGONGO TREE, AN IMPORTANT TREE OF THE DRY FORESTS IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN ZAMBIA AND UTILIZATION
Lukáš Karas, Kamila Hejlíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0059
Schinziophyton rautanenii (Euphorbiaceae) is one of the most crucial food sources in southern Africa, not only for wildlife but also for local residents. Especially in rural areas, people rely on collecting nuts, which they often use as their primary food source, providing essential nutrition. Additionally, this tree has potential applications in both the food industry and cosmetics (for producing high-quality oil). Products derived from its fruits can contribute to the development of rural communities in southern Africa. However, it's important to note that these trees are short-lived, and natural regeneration is low. Therefore, our research team is focused on finding the best process for fast seed germination and seedling production to regenerate local stands as a part sustainable landscape management.
HLEDÁNÍ ČESKÉ (A EVROPSKÉ) CUKROVARNICKÉ KRAJINY POKRYTÍM ÚZEMÍ ČESKÝCH ZEMÍ ODHADOVANÝMI GRAVITAČNÍMI POLI CUKROVARŮ / SEARCHING FOR THE CZECH (AND EUROPEAN) SUGAR LANDSCAPE BY COVERING THE TERRITORY OF THE CZECH LANDS WITH THE ESTIMATED GRAVITY FIELDS OF SUGAR MILLS
Jaromír Kolejka, Libor Lněnička, Eva Nováková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0066
Europe and the Czech lands were at the forefront of beet sugar production for almost 200 years. The introduction of sugar beet cultivation meant fundamental land use changes in the river floodplains and in their immediate flat surroundings here. At the time of the sugar boom, around 300 sugar mills operated in the Czech lands and sugar beet was grown on more than 240,000 ha (currently 7 sugar mills and less than 50,000 ha of beet plantings). Sugarcane landscapes already enjoy various protection statuses (including UNESCO WHS) in several places in the world, landscapes shaped by beet sugar production still lack such attention from human society. In this contribution, the first step of the process of identifying such landscapes in the Czech Republic is presented by the combined application of the estimated catchment areas of sugar mills operating in the respective historical periods with regard to the then dominant forms of transport.
ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍ HISTORIE ČESKÝCH VOJENSKÝCH ÚJEZDŮ / AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF CZECH MILITARY REGIONS
Anežka Kozdasová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0073
The first military training area on Czech territory was established in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Over the years, the number of military areas has changed. Now there are only four active military regions. In this research, I examine the environmental-historical context of military regions established in the Czech Republic throughout history, with an emphasis on examining the development of the discourse on environmentalism. At the same time, the presence of military environmentalism is defined through an analysis of how the military frames the military landscape. Based on the analysis, two discourses are found whose function is to legitimize military activities in the landscape and to identify the Ministry of Defence as the appropriate steward of military natural areas.
VENKOVSKÁ KRAJINA OSTROVA SOKOTRY POD VLIVEM GLOBÁLNÍ KLIMATICKÉ ZMĚNY / THE COUNTRYSIDE OF SOCOTRA ISLAND UNDER INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Petr Maděra, Petr Vahalík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0078
The rural landscape on the Socotra Island completely predominates, the urban landscape can only be discussed in connection with the capital city Hadibo (about 20 thousand inhabitants). The most predominant type of farming in the rural landscape is pastoralism, mainly goats and sheep are raised, to a lesser extent cows, camels, and the donkey is an endangered farm animal. Family farms are part of community pastures, woodlands, and forests. They are farmed in silvo-pastoral systems, where trees provide an important source of food for livestock in the dry season and at the same time several non-timber forest products (honey, resin, fruits, bast, leaves, firewood). In recent years, populations of tree species, the majority of which are endemic, have been threatened by manifestations of global climate change, especially cyclones, but also by extreme rains and, conversely, lengthening periods of drought. In addition, the high status of farmed animals causes the absence of natural regeneration due to overgrazing.
ZMĚNY VE FLÓŘE A VEGETACI VE TŘECH BOTANICKY CENNÝCH LOKALITÁCH V PODORLICKU PO VÍCE NEŽ 20 LETECH (KRSKŮV DŮL, BETLÉM, SLATINA NAD ZDOBNICÍ) / CHANGES IN FLORA AND VEGETATION IN THREE BOTANICALLY VALUABLE LOCALITIES IN PODORLICKA AFTER MORE THAN 20 YEARS (KRSKŮV DŮL, BETLÉM, SLATINA NAD ZDOBNICÍ)
Jitka Málková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0084
In 2023, I verified the state of flora and vegetation in three botanically valuable areas of Podorlicka in the district Rychnov nad Kněžnou after more than 20 years. From 1996 to 2005, I carried out surveys in Krskův důl near Roveň and in Betlém near Javornice, which were proposed for declaration as natural monuments by the AOPK CR, Pardubice center. In 1956, the Krsk mine was declared a state nature reserve (in 1965, however, it was canceled due to its poor condition). The third locality was the border in the S edge of Slatina nad Zdobnicí, where in 2003 I accidentally found 22 flowering plants of Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa. The flora of the localities was written down in detail (historically 32 specially protected and threatened species, verified by the author were mapped) and biotopes were described. Historical data was added until 2023. A common feature of all three areas is that they have not been farmed for many years, they are severely degraded, and conservation-valued species are disappearing (out of 13 specially protected species, there were only three in 2023) or rapidly receding.
ZELENÁ INFRAŠTRUKTÚRA - PODPORA EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY V KRAJINE / GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE - SUPPORTING ECOLOGICAL STABILITY IN THE LANDSCAPE
Milena Moyzeová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0093
The objective of the paper is to present the methodical procedure applied to the set of maps under the title Landscape-Ecological Aspects of Green Infrastructure of Slovakia. The result of the proposed methodical procedure is specification of regions of Slovakia with their differing ecological quality and different needs of measures leading to an increase of their ecological stability. The nature of methodology is that of an open system with the logical sequence of methodical steps. Its practical application will contribute to conservation and replenishment of stabilizing elements in cultural landscape. The presented set of maps may be used for the proposal of The Strategy of Greening of Slovakia in the planning and designing activities, as well as in educational process.
VLIV ŽELEZNIČNÍ DOPRAVY NA ROZVOJ SUBURBANIZACE / IMPACT OF RAIL TRANSPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBURBANISATION
Kristýna Neubergová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0103
The paper focuses on the impact of rail transport on the development of settlements. In the introduction, general perspectives and historical context are mentioned. In the following sections, the impact of rail transport on residential suburbanisation is documented using selected model sites. The Dolní Berounka micro-region was chosen as a model area, where the influence of the railway is very pronounced and where the railway corridor is currently being modernised, which brings additional challenges.
STOPY TRADIČNÍCH ZPŮSOBŮ HOSPODAŘENÍ V INTENZIVNĚ REKREAČNĚ VYUŽÍVANÝCH ÚZEMÍCH NA PŘÍKLADU VRANOVSKA / TRACES OF TRADITIONAL WAYS OF FARMING IN INTENSIVELY USED RECREATIONAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VRANOVSKO
Pavel Novák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0112
The study deals with traces of traditional ways of farming in the Vranov region and examines how individual forms of recreation affect them. By comparing historical maps, aerial photographs and field research, already during the first year of the solution numerous traces were found in the form of buildings, mechanization, plants, animals and the organization of the soil fund both in agriculture and in forests and pond farming. Preservation of traces is least affected by hiking, most significantly by recreation resorts. cottages and recreational facilities here gradually infested the entire area around the dam. In contrast, the nature of Podyjí National Park is almost untouched.
OD ORGANICKY VZNIKLÉ KE KOMPONOVANÉ KRAJINĚ A ZASE ZPÁTKY – PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE ZÁMECKÉHO PARKU A OBORY KAČINA / FROM AN ORGANICALLY FORMED TO A COMPOSED LANDSCAPE AND BACK AGAIN – A CASE STUDY OF THE CASTLE PARK AND THE KAČINA NATURE RESERVE
Pavel Novák, Šárka Kopecká
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0117
The study deals with the return from a composed landscape to an organically created landscape on the example of the castle park and the Kačina nature reserve from their inception to the present and their causes, which it sees in the change of business plans, the change in the composition of the park, the chronic lack of financial resources, the retreat of the nobility from public life and different priorities in the period of socialism.
CHYBĚJÍCÍ ZELENÁ INFRASTRUKTURA A POTENCIÁL PRO JEJÍ ZLEPŠENÍ – PŘÍKLAD JIHOMORAVSKÉHO KRAJE / MISSING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND POTENTIAL FOR ITS ENHANCEMENT – EXAMPLE OF THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION
Hana Skokanová, Tomáš Slach, Marek Havlíček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0122
Green infrastructure (GI) can be considered as one of the concepts that can help in combating today's environmental problems – loss of biodiversity, climate change, overexploitation, etc. There are localities with abundant GI on one hand, and localities where the GI is severely reduced or completely missing. South Moravian region is one of the regions in the Czech Republic where the localities from the second group are frequently found. In our contribution, we will therefore present an ongoing project, whose focus is to not only identify so called problematic localities (with underrepresented/missing GI) but also to provide some general thoughts if we can use information about past habitats and other existing information (e.g. presence of areas with special/general protection, potentially available municipality/state land, or completed land consolidation projects) to enhance the current GI network.
PRACOVNÍ KŮŇ V ZEMĚDĚLSTVÍ: VÝHODY A ÚSKALÍ ZEMĚDĚLSTVÍ S NÍZKOU UHLÍKOVOU STOPOU / THE WORKHORSE IN AGRICULTURE: THE BENEFITS AND PITFALLS OF LOW-CARBON FARMING
Blanka Valášková Kuldová, Zbyněk Ulčák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-979-2-0129
This paper deals with the issue of the use of the workhorse in agriculture. It examines farmers' attitudes and compares them with each other. Based on the analysis of the semi- structured interviews, the following themes were identified: Motivations for starting horse farming in agriculture, Starting horse farming - the need for start-up capital, The reality of low-carbon farming - advantages and disadvantages, Prerequisites for horse farming, Farm economics, Benefits of working with a horse in the fields, When is a horse better than a tractor?, The Ploughman - an endangered species? and Reasons for persistent motivation. The positives and negatives of using a working horse are identified.