ISBN online: 978-80-7509-994-5 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5
NutriNET 2024
4.–4. 9. 2024 Brno
- Jakub Novotný (ed.), Michal Řiháček (ed.), Ondřej ©»astník (ed.)
Proceedings of scientific papers from the international student conference NutriNET 2024 held at Mendel University in Brno at 4th September 2024.
online: 2024, publisher: Mendel University in Brno
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Conference papers
EFFECT OF CARBON MATERIAL AND BENTONITE ON REDUCTION THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF DEOXYNIVALENOL IN RAT ORGANISM
TEREZA AULICHOVÁ, SYLVIE SKALIČKOVÁ, TOMÁ© KOPEC, PAVEL HORKÝ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0007
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of mycotoxin adsorbents based on graphene oxide (GO), purified bentonites, and their combination in reducing the negative impact of deoxynivalenol (DON). The experiment involved 48 rats (190 ± 5 g), divided into 8 groups of 6 each. Groups one to seven received a diet containing a high level of DON. Groups one to six had their feed treated with mycotoxin adsorbent. Group one (T1) received a diet with GO (0.25 g/kg), group two (T2) a diet with GO (0.5 g/kg), group three (T3) a diet with purified bentonite (1 g/kg), group four (T4) a diet with purified bentonite (2 g/kg), group five (T5) a diet with GO (0.25 g/kg) and purified bentonite (1.75 g/kg), and group six (T6) a diet with GO (0.5 g/kg) and purified bentonite (1.5 g/kg). The control group (C) was fed a diet without DON. The Cmyko group received a diet with mycotoxins without adsorbent. Evaluated parameters included weight and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). No statistically significant difference in body weight was observed between groups C and T1–T6 or between groups Cmyko and T1–T6. For liver enzymes, no statistically significant differences were observed in ALP. ALT activity was higher in groups T1, T4, T5, T6, and Cmyko compared to group C. AST activity showed statistically significant differences in all test groups (T1–T6) compared to groups Cmyko and C.In conclusion, a higher dose of GO (0.5 g/kg), purified bentonite,and their combination may be beneficial in mitigating the toxicity ofDON.
MELANIN IN BARLEY: FROM ISOLATION TO A POSSIBILITY TO INFLUENCE THE ACTIVITY OF BIOTRANSFORMATION ENZYMES
V. BATKOVÁ, L. JOUROVÁ, ©. ©ATKA, V. FRÝBORTOVÁ, P. ANZENBACHER, E. MRKVICOVÁ, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0022
This study describes the isolation and characterization of melanin from plant matrices using a modified version of the alkaline extraction method originally described by Sava et al. (2001). Melanin was isolated from barley (variety Nudimelanocriton) and purified through a series of organic solvent treatments, acidic hydrolysis, and repeated precipitations, yielding approximately 5 mg of pure melanin from 12 g of barley grain. Isolated melanin exhibited its characteristic properties as insolubility in water, acids, and organic solvents, while being soluble in alkaline media and precipitable below pH 3. Consistent with findings from Caldas et al. (2020) and Glagoleva et Shoeva (2020), melanin samples exhibited in alkaline media a broad-band almost monotonous decrease of UV/VIS absorption from initially 200 nm, with unresolved absorption band at about 270 nm, indicative of complex conjugated structures of aromatic character. Additionally, effect of melanin on cytochrome P450 1A1/2 enzyme activity was assessed in HepG2 cells using 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation and high-performance liquid chromatography. Melanin at three concentrations (10 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL) did not significantly induce cytochrome P450 1A1/2 enzyme activity (in contrast to CYP1A1/2 potent inducer, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzodioxin resulting in a nearly sixtyfold increase). These findings contribute to understanding the physicochemical properties of barley-derived melanin and its interaction with hepatic enzymes of xenobiotic biotransformation (as CYP1A1/2).
THE USE OF TRITORDEUM IN BROILER CHICKENS DIET AND ITS EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
LUKÁ© ČUMPLÍK, JAKUB NOVOTNÝ, ONDŘEJ ©«ASTNÍK
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0037
The aim of the experiment was to investigate tritordeum and its potential use in broiler nutrition. The experiment included 90 broilers of the Ross 308 hybrid, divided into 3 groups with 5 replications each. The broilers were fed with 3 feed mixtures (T0, T5, and T40) containing different proportions of tritordeum for 36 days. Feed mixture T0 was mainly composed of corn, wheat, and soybean meal without tritordeum. Feed mixture T5 contained the same components as mixture T0, but it contained 5% of tritordeum. The feed mixture T40 contained 40% tritordeum. Throughout the entire fattening period, feed consumption and live weight gain were recorded, droppings were collected to determine the digestibility of nutrients. At the end of the experiment, the quality of the carcass was also evaluated. The results of the experiment did not show any significant statistical differences between the feed mixtures in terms of feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight gain, or the yield of main meat parts (P>0.05). However, significant statistical differences were found when comparing the feed mixtures in terms of nitrogen retention (P < 0.05). The highest nitrogen retention was observed in feed mixture T5 (67.96%) and the lowest in feed mixture T0 (65.13%). Research has shown the suitability of using tritordeum grain in the nutrition of broilers without any negative impact on production parameters or health. There is an assumption that a certain proportion of tritordeum in the feed mixture may lead to higher nitrogen retention in the organism. As a crop resistant to warmer and drier conditions, tritordeum could potentially replace some traditional cereals in the future. It is important to continue studying new non-traditional feeds in animal nutrition to determine their impact on the organism.
INFLUENCE OF SOURCES AND LEVELS OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC IRON ON EGG QUALITY IN DOMINANT DARKSHELL DS109
FILIP DYTRT, MARTINA LICHOVNÍKOVÁ, VOJTĚCH ANDERLE, ELI©KA DRAČKOVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0048
With the ever-increasing societal pressure on animal welfare, there is a gradual transition to alternative housing systems. A new development in the field of breeding of laying hens is the breeding of hybrids that can be used in alternative and extensive conditions on the parameters of eggshell colour and uniformity. Different feeding strategies are being tested to maintain the desired colour and uniformity, but these must also be tested in relation to egg quality parameters. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different iron sources and levels on egg quality parameters in the hybrid Dominant Darkshell DS109, which is specifically bred to produce table eggs with dark to chocolate brown eggshell colour. The study included 240 laying hens whose diets were supplemented with two different sources and levels of iron. Our results showed a significant effect (p < 0.001) of increased organic and inorganic iron levels on the parameters of eggshell thickness (0.403; 0.402 mm vs. 0.395 mm), eggshell weight (5.7 and 5.6 vs. 5.4 g) and eggshell percentage (9.4 and 9.3 vs. 9.1 g). The results also indicate a positive effect of elevated 191 mg/kg Fe-Gly on egg weight (64.1 g vs 62.7 g). There was an effect (p < 0.05) of inorganic form of iron on yolk proportion parameter throughout the laying period.
EFFECT OF BACTERIAL INOCULANT ON MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION OF ALFALFA SILAGE
MATÚ© D®IMA, MIROSLAV JURÁČEK, DANIEL BÍRO, MILAN ©IMKO, BRANISLAV GÁLIK, MICHAL ROLINEC, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0059
The study aimed to investigate the hygienic quality of alfalfa silages, with a focus on the observed concentrations of mycotoxins. It also examined the effect of biological additives, based on homo- and heterofermentative strains of lactic acid bacteria, on the mycotoxin contamination of alfalfa silages. The study monitored several mycotoxins, including total ochratoxins (OTA), total aflatoxins (AFL), total fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2). Mycotoxin concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric immunoenzymatic method (Elisa Reader, Noack SR; Veratox assays, Neogen Ltd., USA) at a wavelength of 650 nm, in alfalfa silage samples that were ensiled into silage units in a volume of 3.5 dm3. The samples were ensiled in control variant C, without the addition of additive, and in experimental variant A with the addition of biological additive (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri) 1.3 x 1011 KTJ.g-1 at a dose of 10 ml per ton. Both control and experimental treatments were fed in 3 replications (n=3). Analysis of mycotoxic contamination of alfalfa silages revealed statistically significantly (p ˂ 0.05) lower fumonisin content in the experimental variant (47.08 μg.kg-1) compared to the control (70.77 μg.kg-1), with a difference of 33.48%. Also, a lower aflatoxin content (3.69 μg.kg-1) was found in the experimental variant compared to the control (4.03 μg.kg-1), which was 8.44%, but these differences were not statistically significant. The contents of DON, ZEA, T-2 and OTA were higher in the experimental variant compared to the control. The mean mycotoxin content of the samples studied showed that alfalfa silages were the most contaminated with ZEA (360.00 μg.kg-1), followed by DON (209.30 μg.kg-1), T-2 toxin (80.38 μg.kg-1), FUM (58.92 μg.kg-1), OTA (53.37 μg.kg-1) and were the least contaminated with AFL (3.81 μg.kg-1). The concentrations of the monitored mycotoxins in alfalfa silages did not exceed the limit values applicable in the EU, which is a prerequisite for ensuring efficient and safe production of animal products.
THE EFFECT OF ENERGY BALANCE AND NON-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON PREGNANCY SUCCESS AFTER THE 1ST INSEMINATION IN DAIRY COWS
BEÁTA FRAŇOVÁ, IVETA MASKAĄOVÁ, PETRA TIMKOVIČOVÁ LACKOVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0074
This study aimed to evaluate energy balance and climatic conditions on pregnancy success after 1st insemination in Holstein cows. Successful conception rate, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis is most sensitive to energy balance and the availability of metabolic fuels. The analyzed negative energy balance of cows with successful insemination was confirmed at a lower level of -14.4 MJ/d, while in 74% of dairy cows with unsuccessful insemination NEB was at the level of -19.4 MJ/day. The level of NEB at the level - 47 MJ/day resp. -53 MJ/d corresponds to a weight loss of 2.3 kg resp. 2.7 kg in the 1st month after parturition. The pregnancy success after artificial insemination in summer is reduced and affected by reduced dry matter intake, the function of the endocrine system's level of hormones and the level of negative energy.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES VIA MEDICINAL ZAMBIAN PLANTS
POMPIDO CHILALA, SYLVIE SKALICKOVA, PAVEL HORKY
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0087
The focus of this study was to produce and select promising selenium nano particlessynthetized in combination with medicinal indigenous Zambian plant extracts. The plants under study were Bobgunnia madagascariensis, Moringa oleifera, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica, Cissus quadrangulari, Kigelia Africana, and Gliricidia sepium. After synthesis the brick red colour change on each sample indicated the reduction of Se2O3 to Se0 to form green synthesized selenium nano particles. A total antioxidant capacity analysis was conducted on the green synthesized selenium nano particles. Bobgunia madascariensis, Moringa oleifera and Gliricidia sepium SeNPs were observed to be promising SeNPs which could be employed in animal nutrition as an antioxidant defence enhancer.
INFLUENCE OF MODIFICATION THE LENGTH OF STRAW PARTICLES IN TOTAL MIX RATION ON RUMINATION TIME, MILK YIELD, AND MILK COMPOSITION IN THE NUTRITION OF DAIRY COWS
MÁRIA KAPUSNIAKOVÁ, MILAN ©IMKO, MIROSLAV JURÁČEK, BRANISLAV GÁLIK, MICHAL ROLINEC, ONDREJ HANU©OVSKÝ, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0095
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of changing straw length on the behaviour of dairy cows, specifically on activity time (feed intake time, rumination time) or non-activity time (using BouMatic's RealTime Activity program), milk yield (using HerdMetrix program) and milk composition (using True test in 10-day intervals). The 4-week experiment was conducted in a group of high producing Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that were at the peak of their lactation (61-120 days in milk) and were divided into three groups (PLM1;PLM2;PLM3) where they were fed a total mix ration (TMR) with different straw lengths (TMR1;TMR2;TMR3). The group of cows at the peak of their lactation 1 (PLM1) (N=33) were fed TMR1, which consisted of straw particles with a length of 3±2 cm. PLM2 (N=29) was fed TMR2 (3±2 cm; 15±2 cm) and the PLM3 group (N=32) was fed TMR3 (15±2 cm). TOMAHAWK Straw mill 404M was used to achieve the desired straw length. The structure of the TMR was also evaluated 3× over the observation period (Penn State Particle Separator method), focusing on the behaviour and selection ability of the dairy cows. TMR structure assessment was performed during the given control periods 4 times/24 h (05:00;11:00;17:00;23:00). The most pronounced selection was observed for PLM3 (TMR3), where the proportion of large particles (+19mm) was as high as 32.92% at 23:00 h., which is 8% higher than the proportion of particles for TMR1 (PLM1) (p < 0.05). The results showed that increasing straw length led to an increase in total activity of dairy cows (p < 0.05, p-value = 0.000) while non-activity time decreased (p < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant increase in milk production (PLM3) with increasing straw length (TMR3), which was an increase of 3.34 kg milk compared to TMR1 (PLM1) (p < 0.05, p-value = 0.000). A statistically significant increase with increasing physical structure of TMR was also observed for fat and protein content of milk (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it was found that modification of straw length can lead to increased feeding efficiency and consequently higher milk production and quality.
EFFECTS OF FATTY ACID ESTERS AND PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES ON PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH STATUS OF GROWING PIGS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS
RENATA KUČEROVÁ, PAVEL HORKÝ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0115
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of phytoadditives and fatty acid esters on heat-stressed pigs, focusing on final weight, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and health biomarkers. A mixture of short- and medium-chain fatty acid esters was used in the study (butyric, caproic, capric, lauric acid monoacylglycerol ester) with a concentration of 51% in combination with steroidal and triterpenoid saponins derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Quillaja saponaria (soapbark tree) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) are referred to as glycyrrhizin, diosgenin and quillaja saponins, respectively. The experimental group exhibited improvements in fattening parameters compared to the control group: final weight increased by 8.5%, weight gain increased by 10.2%, and feed intake increased by 4.9%. Additionally, the health status of the experimental group was affected, evidenced by a 15.6% increase in cortisol activity, a 44.5% decrease in haptoglobin levels and a 12.7% increase in heat shock protein-70 levels compared to the control group. These findings suggest that feed supplements comprising fatty acid esters and phytogenic substances can mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress, enhancing performance and health status of the organism.
THE EFFECT OF INSECT MEALS ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX JAPONICA)
LENKA KUDLOVÁ, JAKUB NOVOTNÝ, ELI©KA KROTKÁ, LUKÁ© ČUMPLÍK, NIKOLA DVOŘÁČKOVÁ, ONDŘEJ ©«ASTNÍK
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0127
The influence of defatted mealworm meal or defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on performance parameters of Japanese quails was evaluated. Unsexed Japanese quails (n = 300) were divided in to 3 experimental groups: 1) control group without insect meal, 2) group with 10% defatted mealworm meal and 3) group with 10% defatted black soldier fly larvae meal. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The group with defatted mealworm meal had higher carcass yield than control group (p < 0.05). Growth performance, other carcass traits and weight of liver, heart and gizzard were not affected by experimental diets.
EFFECT OF SORGHUM SILAGE IN DIET OF DAIRY COWS ON EIGHTEEN-CARBON FATTY ACIDS IN MILK FAT
PETR MALÝ, LUDMILA KŘÍ®OVÁ, KATEŘINA DADÁKOVÁ, TOMÁ© KA©PAROVSKÝ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0136
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of sorghum silage into dairy cow diets on the eighteen-carbon fatty acids (FA) in milk fat. The on-farm experiment was carried out on mid-lactating Czech Fleckvieh cows (Agrospol a.d. Knínice, farm Vanovice) and was divided into two consecutive periods of 3 months each. In the first period cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on maize silage and grass haylage (Control) while in the second period grass haylage was partially replaced by sorghum silage (Sorghum). In each period samples of evening and morning milk were taken from ten cows and were analysed for basic constituents and FA profile. The basic milk components were analysed in an accredited laboratory (LRM Brno-Tuřany). The FA profiles were analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The total content of C18 acids was on average 34.6% of all FAs in Sorghum and 29.4% in Control (P < 0.05). Similarly, a higher content of stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1n9c), linoleic (C18:2n6c) and α-linolenic (C18:3n3) acid was found in Sorghum compared to Control (P < 0.05). Content of linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). The inclusion of sorghum silage into the ration had a positive effect on the content of polyunsaturated FAs and n-3 FAs (P < 0.05) and tended to increase n-6 FAs (P = 0.064).
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF SILAGE MAIZE HYBRIDS
ANDREJ MITRÍK, TOMÁ© MITRÍK
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0152
The aim of this study was to determine in vitro NDF digestibility of different silage maize hybrids using upgraded method in vitro gas production. Digestibility was measured up to 48 hours and the focus of our work was on 30-hour digestibility. Based on our latest work we focused on 2 evaluations: 1. evaluation of NDF digestibility to find correlation between dry matter of silage maize hybrids and NDF digestibility in 30-hour point and 2. Differences of NDF digestibility between silage maize hybrids in 30-hour point. We found highest NDF digestibility 62,80% in dry matter range from 30 – 35% which correlates to our latest work to determine the best silage window. Differences in NDF digestibility of silage maize hybrids in 30-hour point were not significant (P = 0.580) and the range was from 55,16% - 63,82%. In dry matter range 27 – 35% we found 30-hour NDF digestibility from 49,81 – 64,76%.
EFFECT OF FEEDING HUMIC SUBSTANCES ON THE PRODUCTION PARAMETERS AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS
©TEFÁNIA MOLNÁROVÁ, PAVEL NAĎ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0161
Besides the scale of production, the success of livestock farming is also affected by the level of input prices. Feed is one of the more expensive items. The aim is to use the feed components in the feeding process as rationally and efficiently as possible, by increasing their attractiveness in terms of intake, by increasing the digestibility and utilization of nutrients. These effects can also be achieved with the help of additives, which include humic substances. In this work, the influence of humic subtances on the production parameters of broilers and on the quality of poultry products was studied. The experimental group of broiler chickens received a feed mixture with the addition of HumacNatur in a concentration of 0.7 %. At the end of the experiment, the control group of broilers reached an average weight of 2606.4 g and the experimental group 2349.0 g. Feed conversion was 1.63 in the control group and 1.74 in the experimental group. The carcass yield of the control group after dissection was 73.2 % and the experimental group after dissection was 75.1 %. The carcass yield of the pectoral muscle of the control group was 27.8 % and of the experimental group was 28.4 %. The carcass yield of the thigh muscle was 28.8 % and the experimental group was 29.1 %. Furthermore, the content of water, dry matter, protein and fat in the pectoral and thigh muscles was determined. The results show that the use of HumacNatur at a concentration of 0.7 % did not have a significant effect on the monitored parameters in broilers.
ACTUAL TRENDS IN CALF FEEDING TECHNOLOGY AND THE USE OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES IN CALF NUTRITION
DENISA POLÍVKOVÁ, GABRIELA VALTO©OVÁ, NGOZI MERCY UMEZURIKE-AMAHAH, ANNA ©EBKOVÁ, LUBO© ZÁBRANSKÝ, KATEŘINA SEZIMOVÁ, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0171
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diverse probiotic strains on the health of the calves during the period of colostrum and milk feeding. The blood samples were also collected to check the level of immunoglobulins in the blood plasma and for the blood count test. Not only all groups significantly surpassed the normal BRIX value which is 8.4 % BRIX but also all calves that received Bifidobacterium supplementation had higher BRIX levels, indicating that Bifidobacterium supports effective passive immunity transfer. In all three weighing there was found no statistical difference observed in average weight gain between groups. However, in the second and third weighing, the BEL combination still showed higher weight gain than any other experimental group. As for the frequency of diarrheal diseases, there were no significant differences between individual groups. Nevertheless, the experimental animals receiving single-strain Lactobacillus had a higher incidence of diarrhea compared to the control animals, meanwhile the opposite was observed in the Bifidobacterium experimental group. This study shows that supplementation with single-strain or combination probiotics did not significantly affect weight gain, BRIX levels, or the incidence of diarrheal diseases in calves. Despite a numerical increase in weight gain with combination probiotic supplementation, these differences were not statistically significant.
EFFECT OF TANNIN TYPE ON IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION
HANA PROCHÁZKOVÁ, DAVID ZAPLETAL, LUDMILA KŘÍ®OVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0185
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of tannins on total gas production using in vitro methods using ANKOM Gas Production System. For our study we used 6 products containing tannins commonly available on the market, representing both groups of tannins in the same concentration. Hydrolyzable tannins were presented by the products: FermiTan Harvest Hill, TOP House and Tan Clar. Condensed tannins were presented by the products: Tannin MOX, Tannin FC and VITANIL B. The study using the Ankom Gas Production System was carried out according to Van Soest (1970) with a 5% addition of individual tannins. Incubation was carried out for 48 hours at 39 °C. In our case, there was no evidence of a reduction in the amount of gas produced. Both types of tannins increased the amount of gas produced compared to the control sample containing only the standard. Condensed tannins increased gas production more than hydrolyzed tannins.
THE INFLUENCE OF HUMATES ON THE CARCAS AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER OF QUAILS
ANDREJ RÉCKY, FRANTI©EK ZIGO, ©TEFÁNIA MOLNÁROVÁ, ANNA REITZNEROVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0194
Humic substances (HS) are organic compounds resulting from the decomposition of plant and animal remains. Positive effects of humic substances in the treatment of a whole range of diseases such as inflammation of various organs, gastrointestinal diseases, poisoning, cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases or anemia have been known for centuries. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of humic substances as an organic supplement in a feed mixture on the quality of the carcass and the sensory properties of quail meat. Total 200 Japanese quails were included in the study, divided into four groups (n= 50/group) with two replicates: C (control group, standard diet without additives), group H0.5 (experimental group 1, receiving standard feed + 0.5% HS), group H1.0 (experimental group 2, received standard feed + 1% HS) and group H1.5 (experimental group 3, received standard feed +1,5% HS). The results of the study show the effect of the addition of HS in the H1.0 group of quails, which recorded a lower final weight and carcass yield (P<0.05) after 50 days of fattening. In addition, HS supplementation positively affected lipid parameters, with a lower total fat content in the meat of quails supplemented with 1.0% HS.
DIETARY EFFECT OF WHEAT VARIETY AND FAT SOURCE ON PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LAYING HENS
JAN SZMEK, EVA PĚCHOUČKOVÁ, MICHAELA ENGLMAIEROVÁ, MILO© SKŘIVAN, VĚRA SKŘIVANOVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0204
The importance of keeping laying hens lies in egg production. In terms of quality, the most important feature for the simplistic consumer is the colour of the egg yolk. For this reason, either natural or synthetic carotenoids are often added to mixed feed for laying hens. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the dietary effect of PEXESO wheat with increased carotenoid concentrations in hen diets on performance and egg quality characteristics. Two hundred forty 42-week-old Lohmann Brown hens were divided into 4 treatment groups according to the wheat variety (TERCIE × PEXESO) and fat source (rapeseed oil × pork lard) in the diet. PEXESO wheat in the diet decreased daily feed intake (P < 0.001). Higher values of the egg yolk colour (P < 0.001) and strength of the eggshell (P < 0.001) were found in hens that were fed PEXESO wheat diets. The lutein (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001) and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001) contents in the egg yolks and the oxidative stability of fresh (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008) and stored (P = 0.050 and P = 0.021) eggs were positively influenced by PEXESO wheat and pork lard. The diet with PEXESO wheat and rapeseed oil increased the concentration of α-tocopherol (P = 0.008) and γ-tocopherol (P = 0.012) in the egg yolk. In conclusion, PEXESO wheat increased the retention of biologically active substances, which was subsequently reflected in the performance and quality of the products, i.e. eggs.
IMPORTANCE OF PREBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND PHYTOBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENTS IN CALF NUTRITION
ANNA ©EBKOVÁ, LUBO© ZÁBRANSKÝ, JANA VACHOU©KOVÁ, VOJTĚCH BRABENEC, DENISA POLÍVKOVÁ, KATEŘINA SEZIMOVÁ, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0221
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of feed additives on health status and live weight gain in calves.
In the experiment, calves were divided into two groups. The first group, the experimental group, was administered RumiForm Digest and RumiForm Digest Yeast+. The second group, the control group was not exposed to any feed additives.
The birth weight of calves in both groups was at the same average values 38 kg. The average weight of the calves at 7 days of age was 46 kg in the control group and the average weight of the experimental group was measured to be 48 kg. A more significant difference in average weights was observed at 90 days after birth. In the control group, the average weight was 137 kg, while in the experimental group the average weight was 152 kg.
Diarrhoea occurred in both the control and experimental groups. The highest incidence of diarrhoea was recorded in the control group. Diarrhoea disease was recorded in 11 % of the 202 calves. Mortality occurred in both the experimental and control groups. The overall mortality rate was 3.5 %.
In this study, a beneficial effect of probiotic feed supplements on growth was demonstrated. At 7 days after birth and on the 90th day after birth, the p-value < 0.01. The effect of probiotic feed supplements on health status was not demonstrated in this experiment. The p-value was > 0.05 for the incidence of diarrhoea and for the comparison of mortality.
From the data obtained, it can be confirmed that the administration of probiotic feed supplements has a positive effect on weight gain. But a positive effect on health status could not be demonstrated.
IS NARROW-LEAVED LUPINE (LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS) A SUITABLE CRUDE PROTEIN SOURCE FOR RABBIT DIETS? A COMPARISON WITH SOYBEAN MEAL
PETER ©UFLIARSKÝ, ZDENĚK VOLEK, TOMÁ© TAUBNER, VLADIMÍR PLACHÝ, LUKÁ© ZITA
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0241
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of narrow-leaved lupine seeds (NLL) as a protein source in rabbit diets in terms of growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestion, and nitrogen excretion and retention. Different varieties of NLL (Boregine, Jowicz, and Rumba) were used as the replacement of soybean meal (SBM) in the present study. The control diet contained 60 g/kg SBM, and the experimental diets, containing 110 g/kg NLL, differed in the varieties used (Boregine, NLLB diet; Jowicz, NLLJ diet; and Rumba, NLLR diet). For the growth performance trial, 160 rabbits (Hyplus PS 19 x PS 40; of both sexes; weaned at 32 days of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (40 rabbits per group) and fed one of the diets for a period of 42 days. In addition, 40 rabbits weaned at d 32 (Hyplus PS 19 x PS 40; 10 rabbits per diet) were used for the determination of the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of the diets and to determine nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention. The proteolytic activity tended to be lower in rabbits fed the SBM diet than in those of the other rabbits. The CTTAD of the diets were not affected by the dietary treatments. The losses of nitrogen in faeces were not affected by the dietary treatment. There were higher losses of nitrogen in urine (P = 0.006) and also a higher total excretion of nitrogen (by 0.36 g/day; P = 0.013) in rabbits fed the NLLJ diet than in rabbits fed the other diets. Consequently, there was a lower nitrogen retention coefficient in these rabbits (P = 0.008). There was a higher average daily feed intake in rabbits fed the NLLJ diet than in other rabbits (P = 0.035). This corresponded with the worse FCR in rabbits fed the NLLJ diet than in rabbits fed the other diets (P <.0001). The present study revealed that the varieties of narrow-leaved lupine seeds, Boregine and Rumba, represent a suitable dietary CP and can fully replace traditionally used SBM for rabbit diets. Negative results in performance, nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance in rabbits fed the diet containing variety Jowicz indicate the importance of choosing a suitable variety of NLL for rabbit diets.
EFFECT OF FEEDING VITAMIN D AND CAROTENOIDS ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF BROILER BREEDERS
©ARLOTA-ANNA ®IVOTSKÁ, MARTINA LICHOVNÍKOVÁ, ZDENĚK TVRDOŇ, MARIAN FOLTYN
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0260
This work was aimed at investigating the effect of the joint effect of vitamin D3 in its hydroxylated form 25-OHD3 and canthaxanthin, on meat type parental flocks performance. These two compounds were added together to the diet, in addition to the technological instructions for the parental flocks. Vitamin D was added at level 69 ppm, i.e. 1 725 IU D3 and canthaxanthin at level 6 ppm. The effect of the administration of these additives on the number of eggs (NE), the number of eggs of hatching quality (HE), and egg weight (EW) was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the additives on the mortality and culling of laying females (CH) and the mortality and culling of males (CR) was monitored in the parental flocks, as well as the feed intake of laying hens (FIH) and the feed intake of roosters (FIR). Eggs were evaluated for fertilization and hatchability from individual flocks. Statistical evaluation of the data was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis method. A beneficial effect of the additives was observed on hatching egg production (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the additives had an effect on the reduction of laying hen culling (P < 0.001) on one of the three observed farms. The additives also had an effect on the egg hatchability parameter on one of the five farms (P < 0.05).
DIGESTION AND MICROFLORA IN THE INTESTINAL CHYMUS OF CHICKENS AFTER FEED INTAKE OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SAGE AND OREGANO
ANDREJ MARCIN, MICHAELA HARČÁROVÁ, LUKÁ© BUJŇÁK, ALENA HRE©KO ©AMUDOVSKÁ, PAVEL NAĎ, ©TEFÁNIA MOLNÁROVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0274
The objective of the study was the observation of the feed intake of essential oils from sage and oregano on enzymatic activities in the chymus of the jejunum and bacterial microflora in the caecum. The broiler chickens ROSS 308 (n=105, age one day) were divided into 3 groups (control, sage, oregano). The diets of experimental groups were supplemented with essential oils isolated from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) 2.306 g/kg and from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) 1.179 g/kg. The increased enzymatic activities were observed as follows: a) amylolytic (glucose; μmol/l/min) by 0.09 (p<0.01, sage) on days 16 and by 0.05 and 0.04 (p<0.001, sage and oregano) on 29, b)cellulolytic (glucose; μmol/l/min) by 0.02 (p<0.05, sage) on days 16,by 0.06 (p<0.001, sage and oregano) on 29 and by 0.07 and 0.05 (p<0.01, sage and oregano) on 42. The proteolytic activity (azocasein; μg/ml/min) decreased by 0.29 and 0.41 on day 16 (p<0.01, sage; p<0.05, oregano). The bacterial counts (log CFU/g wet digesta) in the chymus of caecum were increased in experimental groups compared to control on day 42: a) Lactobacillus spp. by 0.67 (oregano), b)Enterococcus spp. by 0.18 and 0.28 (sage and oregano). Counts (logCFU/g wet digesta) of Escherichia coli decreased by 0.66 (oregano) onday 29 and by 0.6 or 0.94 on day 42 (sage and oregano). The faecaldigestibility of fibre was increased in all sampling periods on days 16(p<0.01, exp1; p<0.001, exp2), 29 (p<0.01, sage; p<0.001, oregano)and 42 (p<0.01, sage and oregano). On the contrary, the digestibility ofcrude protein (CP) decreased on days 16 (p<0.01, oregano), 29 (p<0.05,exp2) and 42 (p<0.05, exp1 and exp2). The application of essential oilsfrom sage and oregano has significantly positive effects on theenzymatic activities (amylolytic, cellulolytic), counts of Lactobacillusspp. and Enterococcus spp. and the faecal digestibility of fibre of thebroiler chickens.
DIETARY ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM EFFECT ON GROWTH RATE AND FEED CONVERSION OF CHICKENS
DAVID ZAPLETAL, VLASTIMIL ©IMEK, RADKA DOB©ÍKOVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0289
The aim of our study was to assess the dietary effect of Artemisia absinthium L. supplementation on the growth intensity and feed conversion of fattened chickens. A total of 120 female Ross 308 chickens at the age of 21 days were divided into 4 dietary groups. Chickens of the control group were fed a basal diet. Chickens of experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with meal of Artemisia absinthium; specifically, the A1, A5 and A10 groups were given diets with the addition of 1, 5 and 10 % Artemisia absinthium to the basal diet, resp. The supplementation of Artemisia absinthium to diets for fattened chickens led to the alteration of chicken growth rate in the assessed periods (P ˂ 0.01), however, the final BW of chickens didn’t vary among respective dietary groups (P ˃ 0.05). Within the entire experimental period, the FCR value increased with the elevating proportion of Artemisia absinthium in a diet.
INSECTS A NEW SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS IN DOG NUTRITION – A REVIEW
ELA TARI©KOVÁ, BRANISLAV GÁLIK, MILAN ©IMKO, MIROSLAV JURÁČEK, ONDREJ HANU©OVSKÝ, ZUZANA SCHUBERTOVÁ, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0298
Cynologists try to breed their dogs as best as possible within their economic and time possibilities. The dog needs regular exercise, training, treatment, proper nutrition, which will not cause damage to its health. When formulating an appropriate feeding ration, it is necessary to know the needs of the dog, which vary depending on age, breed, workload and breeding conditions. The market offers a wide range of dog food: dried feed mixture, canned food, and BARF. With complete feeds, the nutrients are balanced according to the needs of the category, size, use, or the health status of the dog. Feeds containing insects have a great potential due to the following attributes: a) insecs have a high protein content, b) high levels of lipids, c) vitamins and minerals. These nutrients vary widely depending on the insect species, stage of development, sex and other factors. Insects are rich in elements such as calcium, potassium, manganese, sodium, iron, copper, zinc and phosphorus, probably due to their food sources. Insects for dog consumption have a big potential to increase its importance as source of nutrients and as a sustainable and efficient feed source. Basically, insects are a natural food for dogs. Dogs often eat flies, bugs, wasps or even bees as part of a play or as an expression of their hunting instinct. The aim of this article was to get acquainted with possible insect sources and their nutritional composition in dog nutrition.
FEED UTILIZATION OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA) GRAIN IN BROILER DIETS
JAKUB NOVOTNÝ, MICHAL ŘIHÁČEK, ONDŘEJ ©«ASTNÍK, EVA MRKVICOVÁ, MILENA BIELANOVÁ
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-994-5-0318
The aim of the study is the determination of the retention of crude protein (CP) and crude fat in the organism of broiler chickens after the addition of Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) to the diet. At the same time, the performance parameters (live weight, carcass weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR)) were evaluated. Ross 308 male broiler chickens were included in the 36-day experiment, which were fed ad libitum diet of control (C), 5% of Foxtail millet (FM5) and 40% of Foxtail millet (FM40). In addition, their composition included the chromium oxide indicator (0.3%), which was used to determine the coefficients of apparent digestibility and retention of the already mentioned nutrients. The retention of CP was 67.78 % in the control mixture, 66.19% in the mixture FM5 and 68.62% in the mixture FM40. For crude fat, it was on average 84.95% (control mixture), 86.57% (FM5) and 90.21% (FM40). The CP retention of Foxtail millet was set at an average 73.15% over the observed period. There were no significant differences in the biochemical analysis of the blood (p > 0.05) as well as in the production qualities of broiler chickens (assessed by the Scheffe test). The average carcass content was 69.07% for the control group, 69.05% for the FM5 group and 68.93% for the FM40 group. Feed conversion ratio was average 1.28 for control group, 1.32 for FM5 and 1.34 for FM40. Foxtail millet can therefore be included to the diet without negative impact on the health of the chickens or the nutrient retention, which increased compared to the control diet when 40% of the foxtail millet was added to the diet.
Correction:
On 9th September, page 35 was corrected. The last number was omitted from the number of project NAZV. The correct number is NAZV QL24010230.