ISBN: 978-80-7701-026-9 | ISBN online: 978-80-7701-025-2 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2
16. Public recreation and landscape protection – with respect hand in hand…
12.–14. 5. 2025 Křtiny
- Jitka Fialová (Ed.), Ing. Dastan Bamwesigye (Ed.), Věra Hubačíková (Ed.)
Proccedings of 16th conference Public recreation and landscape protection – with respect hand in hand…
Publikováno: 2025, online: 2025, vydavatel: Mendel University in Brno
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Příspěvky konference
ACCESSIBLE CAVES IN SLOVAKIA AS A TOOL FOR GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION
Miriama Javorská, Silvia Palgutová, Kristína Pramuková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0011
Slovakia is a country which is rich in karst area. There are more than 8 100 caves in Slovakia. Caves represent a unique and valuable environment for Earth science education. Their study enables a better understanding of geological processes, hydrological cycles, climate changes, as well as the history of life on Earth. With their remarkable features, they appeal not only to experts of various fields, but also to the general public. Several caves are accessible to the public, which offer a unique experience of discovering the underground world, as well as various educational activities. The aim of the article is to characterize the accessible caves in Slovakia and to point out their current state, protection, use and forms of presentation.
ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF THE SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN SUPPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Milena Moyzeová, Zita Izakovičová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0015
The Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (ILE SAS) is actively involved in activities that contribute to the formation of environmental awareness of the population. It considers activities aimed at both the lay and professional public, with an emphasis on activities for children and schoolchildren, who are very receptive to accepting new ecological ideas, to be important in this area. Regular and targeted activity, whether in the form of formal or informal education, significantly contributes to the formation of positive attitudes towards the protection and use of the landscape, as well as to the promotion of a lifestyle in accordance with the principles and criteria of sustainable development. To implement these activities, the Institute uses a variety of forms that it adapts to target groups. The aim of the presented paper is to present examples of the transfer of landscape ecological knowledge into the educational process in the form of the creation of supporting methodological material and educational tools such as a film, a natural environmental laboratory, a set of educational posters, worksheets, atlas works and a web application.
AGROFORESTRY BENEFITS AND PREFERENCES IN UGANDA: SOIL AND WATER FOREST PROTECTION SERVICES IN LANDSCAPE PROTECTION
Dastan Bamwesigye
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0021
While Uganda is suggested to have made positive progress in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the country is still susceptible to climate change impacts. Moreover, gender disparities still exist due to fundamental aspects in society that hinder, for example, women’s contribution to food and nutrition sovereignty. The study aimed to explore the preferences for agroforestry benefits from ecological and socioeconomic aspects, including soil protection and regulation services, and water protection services in Uganda.
The study used an online questionnaire, and a total of a number (n=1138) of responses was collected, coded, and subjected to descriptive analysis and multinomial logit model regression. Preferences for soil protection and water protection services together ranked 78%, demonstrating strong ecological influence. The preference for food and fruit was found to have a positive significant connection with preferences for saving nature and water protection. Gender positively and strongly impacted various agroforestry benefits and services. Food and fruit production illustrated positive, strong, and significant influence and connection with ecological factors (water, soil, and nature). The consequences in one area either directly or indirectly affected the others, which highlighted the need for integrated approaches in agroforestry systems in Uganda.
AI IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: TOOLS, TRENDS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Kristýna Balážová, Štěpán Galle, Anna Kandlová, Tomáš Bendl
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0028
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in education and has the potential to enhance various domains, including environmental education. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to identify AI tools that have the potential to support contemporary environmental education practices.
The research is methodologically conducted through a systematic review of academic contributions in scientific databases related to the application of AI in (environmental) education. The systematic review is structured in accordance with the PRISMA statement methodological framework.
The primary outcome is a classified overview of AI tools and a thematic synthesis of their applications across different educational levels within environmental education. Additionally, the findings contribute to the development of a currently underexplored theoretical framework for integrating AI into educational practice, laying the groundwork for future research and implementation of AI in environmental education.
APITHERAPY AS AN INNOVATIVE ELEMENT IN RECREATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Alexandra Maruniaková, Radoslav Kvasničák, Ivan Iľko, Viera Peterková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0034
Modern tourism trends emphasize integrating innovative and nature-based experiences to enhance regional tourism and attract visitors interested in wellness and sustainable recreation. This study examines the attitudes of 122 respondents who participated in apitherapy in 19 apiary houses across 18 towns and villages in Slovakia. Data collection focused on subjective experiences and perceived benefits in the context of recreation and relaxation. Statistical analysis showed no significant gender differences in apitherapy perception. Respondents reported a highly significant improvement in physical and mental well-being, as well as increased relaxation and comfort before, during, and after therapy. Distance to the apiary houses had no impact on participation, suggesting that apitherapy attracts visitors regardless of location. Health benefits were a stronger motivation than curiosity, though this factor was on the edge of statistical significance. Over 90% of participants expressed willingness to return or recommend apitherapy to others. The findings highlight apitherapy’s potential to enrich recreational tourism and promote sustainable land use by offering unique health-focused experiences. This study underscores the need to increase awareness of apitherapy as an alternative recreational activity, complementing traditional forms of nature-based tourism.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CREATING EDUCATIONAL TRAILS
Vladimír Juško, Stanislav Azor, Matej Rozkopál
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0040
Educational trails are structured recreational routes of varying length and difficulty that traverse natural, cultural, or regionally significant landscapes. These trails serve as platforms for disseminating knowledge about environmental conservation, cultural and historical heritage, regional geography, and human interaction with the landscape. As such, they represent an effective tool for environmental education and sustainable development. This work addresses the comprehensive process of planning, designing, routing, implementing, and maintaining educational trails. It further examines the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern their development, highlighting the essential legislative requirements necessary for their successful realization.
BIRD OCCURRENCE IN SELECTED ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS IN AUSTRIA: COMPLEMENTARY MONITORING WITH PHOTO TRAPS
Mořic Jurečka, Florian Danzinger, Christoph Plutzar, Jitka Fialová, Richard Andrášik, Petr Čermák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0044
Landscapes in Central Europe are currently facing many challenges related to human activities. Among the most serious impacts are the negative consequences of habitat conversion, resulting in habitat fragmentation, loss of connectivity between populations and decline in biodiversity. To mitigate these effects, a number of measures, such as supporting ecological corridors by implementing wildlife crossing structures across critical sections of linear transport, have already been realised or planned. Mitigation measures are mostly designed for umbrella species (usually mammal species). In two pilot areas in Austria, monitoring using photo traps was carried out for a period of more than a year, focussing primarily on mammals, but also providing a unique overview of the occurrence of bird species. A total of 28 bird species were recorded during these monitoring activities. The most common bird species recorded in the cultural landscape include common pheasant (32.55 %), followed by mallard (29.52 %) and pigeon (9.05 %). The majority of bird records were taken on ecological corridor sites in the cultural landscape (95.12 %) compared to sites located at wildlife crossings structures (4.88 %) across expressways and motorways. The highest bird activity was registered during June and July. The data obtained can be useful for nature and landscape conservation and for a better understanding of bird interactions in human-modified landscapes.
BREAKING THE MYTH: THE CHALLENGES FACING CZECH TRAIL DEVELOPMENT
Tomáš Kvasnička, Hana Hermová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0050
Czech outdoor recreation is trapped. For decades, Czechs boasted about having "the most elaborate and longest network of tourist trails in the world," but this is merely a myth that is also harmful. While no one disputes that outdoor recreation is essential for public health, the actual conditions for recreation in Czechia are slowly deteriorating for various reasons. One of these reasons is that the public service apparatus, on the one hand, creates nearly impossible conditions for permitting close-to-nature trails. Yet on the other hand, it often approves projects that do not align with the principles of sustainable trails. In this article we aim to outline the criteria that public authorities should consider when permitting trail projects to ensure they are successful, long-term sustainable, do not harm nature and the landscape, and bring Czech recreation closer to meeting the demands of the 21st century society.
COMBINED BIOREACTOR AS AN EFFECTIVE DEVICE FOR REDUCING PESTICIDE AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATER AND THUS INCREASING THE ECOLOGICAL AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE AREA
Petr Karásek, Josef Kučera
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0053
This study deals with the development and testing of an innovative combined bioreactor filled with wood chips from Populus nigra in Němčice (Blansko district). The bioreactor was designed as an innovative system for the removal of nitrates, pesticides and other pollutants from surface and drainage water. The bioreactor was put into test operation in September 2023. Its operation is aimed at evaluating the efficiency of denitrification, degradation of pesticide substances, stability of biological processes and long-term functionality of wood chips as a substrate. Results to date have shown the high efficiency of the bioreactor in reducing nitrate concentrations (up to 90%), and pesticide concentrations (up to 35%), with water residence time, water temperature, and microbial activity being key factors. The study confirms the potential of Black Poplar wood chips as a sustainable material for bioreactors and contributes to the development of environmentally friendly solutions for water resource protection. Improving the quality and quality of surface water and water resources contributes to the ecological and recreational potential of the area.
COMPONENTS OF THE RECREATIONAL-TOURISTIC AND EDUCATION POTENTIAL OF THE AREA OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OPEN-AIR MUSEUM NIŽNÁ MYŠĽA IN SLOVAKIA
Kristína Pramuková, Ľubomír Štrba, Silvia Palgutová, Miriama Javorská
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0058
The paper is focused to the area of Nižná Myšľa in eastern Slovakia with a more detailed focus on the Archeological Open-air Museum located in the Várhegyi locality. The paper deals with the components of the recreational-touristic as well as educational potential of the area. It presents the territory of Nižná Myšľa in terms of its specific geological structure, geological sites, unique fossils and water features in the landscape. It suggests possible ways of incorporating geotourism, and its subsequent possible implementation in the area as a tool of education. The aim of the present paper is to describe an archaeological site of European importance and to demonstrate its recreational, touristic and educational aspects in order to develop and utilize the potential it possesses.
CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN A NEWLY CREATED RURAL RECREATIONAL SPACE
Gabriel Kuczman
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0063
The paper focuses on ecosystem solutions in rural landscapes for preserving the authenticity and cultural-historical identity of the area. The subject of the study is a public space in a rural settlement, located in a traditional agricultural landscape in southern Slovakia, dominated by a water surface, with an adjacent natural community of floodplain trees. This neglected natural habitat, located almost in the centre of the village, has enormous potential for the creation of a new recreational space. The existing green features around the water feature form an important part of the natural environment and preserve the legacy of an almost undisturbed rural landscape. The landscape architectural design sensitively complements the unused space with new natural solutions that will make the area more attractive to the general visiting public. The design solutions take into account the protection and support of sensecent trees in close proximity to the water surface. Ecosystem solutions contribute to the creation of a cultural environment for the public, with an emphasis on preserving and supporting the natural habitat and traditional rural setting.
DECOMMISIONED ROAD - AN OPPORTUNITY FOR ACTIVE MODES?
Ivo Dostál, Marek Havlíček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0069
One of the benefits of reusing decommissioned roads is the possibility of their further use as minor roads with a strong focus on supporting active transport modes. In this paper, the class I roads in the territory of the South-Moravian Region were evaluated in the scope of their initial design within the existing classification from 1947. There have been significant changes in the traffic corridors over the approximately 80 years of development of the road network, with only 35% of the network to be categorised in the same class today, while 45% have been functionally downgraded to Class II or III and 20% have been completely removed from the road network, either by preservation as local streets or by complete removal. The research focused mainly on these degraded or removed corridors and their reuse for cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. The paper is complemented by examples of good practice documented during the field visits.
DIFFICULTIES OFFERED BY THE ROMANIAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT REGARDING ACCESSIBILITY TO TOURIST ATTRACTIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH LOCOMOTOR DISABILITIES
Carmen Ileana Dobrescu, Aurel Gheorghilas, Camelia Teodorescu, Adrian Nicola Jipa, Darius Nestoriuc, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0076
The urban environment, by its very nature, is a dynamic environment in which activities are carried out in increasing numbers and with great intensity. People with locomotor disabilities have to cope with this demanding environment. The urban landscape has taken on a new appearance through the construction of access ramps for people with disabilities. The need for socializing and tourist consumption is normal for any person, including those with locomotor disabilities. The study analyzes these "amenities" for people with locomotor disabilities in the urban landscape Romania. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the limits of the tourist resources offered by the urban environment, due to these incorrect arrangements and the danger they pose. The results were obtained after applying the social survey method and interviews with disabled people, as well as with urban dwellers, regarding the access ramps to tourist attractions or other elements of interest in cities.
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR FIELDWORK EDUCATION IN THE BOHEMIAN PARADISE PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AREA
Anežka Nejedlová, Dominik Rubáš, Tomáš Matějček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0081
Fieldwork education constitutes a significant component of contemporary education. It fosters active student engagement and bridges theoretical knowledge with practical experience. The Bohemian Paradise Protected Landscape Area is a region rich in both natural and cultural heritage, making it an ideal location for educational activities. The aim of the presented research is to analyze the educational potential of instructional materials related to significant sites within this region and applicable in fieldwork education. The study employed field surveys, semi-structured interviews with representatives of relevant institutions, and content analysis of the collected materials. The results suggest that the analyzed materials can foster students' sense of place. Additionally, the article proposes specific recommendations to increase their interpretive value. The quality of educational materials can significantly influence the implementation of place-based learning, which aligns with the objectives of environmental education, such as fostering environmentally responsible behaviour of students.
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND BEHAVIORS IN OUTDOOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PERSPECTIVES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Stanislav Azor, Michal Marko, Štefan Adamčák, Ľudmila Kuriplachová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0090
Environmental degradation (climate change) continues to endanger ecosystems – making it important to understand how students; in particular, at high schools in Slovakia, view roles (their) in environmental conservation, while participating in outdoor physical activity; therefore, study (our) aims at exploring intersections of environmental awareness and behaviors in outdoor physical activity from the perspectives of high school students. 3-item survey (instrument) was carried out 4 months (September 1 – December 24, 2024), targeting 1619 (100%) students at high schools (45.03% of boys and 54.97% of girls), aged 16.60 ± 1.20 years. 51.14% (828, n) of students believed that environmental awareness in outdoor physical activity is important in terms of environmental conservation (p ˂ 0.01). 67.63% (1095, n) of students reported doing best (their) to leave as little impact on environments as possible by disposing of trash, while participating in outdoor physical activity (p ˂ 0.01). 648 (40.02%) students reported using apps (basic) that help to improve environmental awareness in outdoor physical activity (p ˂ 0.01). Students (≥ 75%) recognize the importance of environmental awareness and adopt behaviors – sustainable, in outdoor physical activity; however, there remains needs for further educational interventions to encourage wider adoption of technology-driven environmental awareness tools.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN TOURISM IN THE TIMIȘU DE JOS - COMARNIC RAILWAY SECTOR: THE ROLE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Adrian Nicolae Jipa, Camelia Teodorescu, Carmen Ileana Dobrescu, Florian Alin ButoIv
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0094
Sustainable tourism can be realized only through an ecological education, having as main concern the environmental education of the young generation. Greening and awareness raising activities must be properly implemented. The study is based on the results of the project "Young people and the natural environment", which involved questionnaires among 150 young people. The results highlight the negative effects of mass tourism, which lead to the need for the realization of educational strategies (information materials offered in tourist trains such as leaflets or mobile applications, social media pages), workshops for tourists in collaboration with local administrations or Bucegi Natural Park rangers. All these activities are based on the role of rail transport in environmental protection in the Prahova Valley, Timișu de Jos - Comarnic sector.
ETHNOBOTANY AS A TOOL FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE EDUCATION AND THE RECREATION OF THE ELDERLY
Jan Winkler, Petra Martínez Barroso, Helena Pluháčková, Amir Mugutdinov, Kateřina Pevná, Lenka Kamanová, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0099
Ethnobotany offers an opportunity to use local vegetation to promote active movement for the elderly in recreation and education. A walk through selected habitat, combined with plant identification, helps to train concentration and stimulate a human mind. Identifying plant species involves the senses of sight, touch and smell. The use of multiple senses increases sensitivity and interest in the environment while encouraging the natural need to move and discover new information. Correct identification of plant species provides valuable information that is relevant and interesting according to individual preferences of the elderly. Aesthetically attractive and medicinal plants are particularly popular with elderly. Physical exercise, knowledge of plant characters, and the use of the senses motivate memory and recall. The combination of exercise and education is an interesting and valuable recreational option for the elderly.
EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS OF SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES IN SLOVAKIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Regina Mišovičová, Zuzana Pucherová, Adam Čaplák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0103
The strategic document Economic and Social Development Program (ESDP) has become an integral part of municipalities at present, serving as a basic tool for planning and implementing activities contributing to improving the quality of life and sustainable development. According to the Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic No. 539/2008 Coll. on the Support of Regional Development, the existence of a ESDP is a condition for obtaining resources from the state budget and additional resources for municipal development projects. This is also the basic motivation for municipalities to prepare this kind of document. For this reason, we focused on evaluating development programs in 3 selected municipalities – Podhájska, Ždiar and Liptovský Ján, oriented to tourism activities. We evaluated their strategic documents from the perspective of sustainable development and planned activities aimed at the development of sustainable forms of tourism. We used a modified STEEPLED analysis, in which we selected the following factors: socio-cultural (S) – population growth and demography; technological (T) – research and development; economic (E) – living standards, inflation, purchasing power of the population; environmental (E) – the state of environmental components; political (P) – political and legislative environment. The STEEP analysis allows us to compare the development plans of selected municipalities by assessing external factors that influence them, but in a poorly controlled manner.
EXPLORING THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES IN RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Zuzana Vinczeová, Tímea Žolobaničová, Eva Bodó, Roberta Štěpánková, Attila Tóth, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0109
Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of urban green in fostering sustainable and livable cities, landscape architecture and the study of urban green spaces in Slovakia remain significantly underdeveloped compared to advancements in urban planning and architectural design. This knowledge gap highlights the urgent need for a more integrated and systematic approach to the planning, design, and management of green spaces within residential areas. Urban green spaces are fundamental components of residential environments, providing a multitude of ecosystem services that contribute to climate resilience, environmental sustainability, and public health. This paper critically examines the complex and reciprocal relationship between green spaces and housing estates, emphasizing the necessity of integrating greenery into the design and planning of residential developments. By assessing the spatial distribution, accessibility, and functional diversity of urban green spaces, the study highlights their role in shaping not only the physical landscape but also the social and economic dynamics of urban living.
FUNDING CITY GREEN SPACES: WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR URBAN FORESTRY INITIATIVES, GREENERY AND PARK RECREATION SERVICES
Dastan Bamwesigye, Jitka Fialova
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0113
While urban forests and green parks play a vital role in the livelihood of urban dwellers and the climate in general, few exist in many parts of the world, including Uganda. This research aimed to explore community perceptions and willingness to pay (invest) in the development of urban parks, green spaces, and forestry within four districts of Uganda, namely Kampala, Mbarara, Fort Portal, and Gulu. Using a quantitative research approach, the study employed online questionnaires to collect data from 501 respondents, and the Contingent Valuation Method and Double-Bound Discrete Choice were used to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for improvement in urban greenery. The results show that about 66% of the respondents are content with the current parks, and 27% of them are not contented, showing a deficiency in urban greenery. Almost all the respondents, about 99%, agreed to more funding for green spaces for youth, and 90% were willing to pay for urban greenery and forests. The most WTP amount (62%) annually was between 10,000 to 50,000 UGX (approximately $2.5 and $3.5 United States Dollars). The respondents’ preferences were recommendations for more public parks (77%), an increase in the funding of tree projects (67%), and the promotion of community gardening (49%) as necessary to improve urban greenery. The study showed a high level of support for the urban forestry initiatives and the need for integration in the planning process. The study recommends that policymakers increase the funding to improve urban greenery.
FULFILLMENT OF SELECTED ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES AND THEIR SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN OLOMOUC
Ivo Machar, Vilém Pechanec, Helena Kilianová, Karel Kirchner
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0119
The paper presents the analysis of selected urban ecosystem services in the city of Olomouc. In the first part of the study, three selected ecosystem functions and services (EF/S) were quantified in biophysical units, and their (i) total value in the city and (ii) contribution to the total value of each city district were determined. Cooling capacity and carbon sequestration functions and biomass production functions were analysed. The analysis was carried out at a detailed scale of 1:5,000 using standardised datasets that cover the entire territory of the Czech Republic, and replication of the approach is possible for any built-up area.
HISTORIC CULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN DANGER FROM NATURAL RISKS
Alena Salašová, Petr Kučera, Zuzana Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0124
Historic cultural landscapes are an important part of our natural and cultural heritage and subject of its protection. At the same time, they have a high potential in the development of recreation and tourism. Climate change can be expected to affect historic cultural landscapes in a significant way. Correct identification and interpretation of historic cultural landscapes features, as well as precise prediction of the risks that threaten them, are prerequisites for setting up optimal landscape management and protection. The paper presents an interactive map that is a partial result of the research project "Historic cultural landscape in danger and vision of its development in the context of current landscape changes" including creation of a spatial database of units of historic cultural landscapes of the South Moravian Region, the selection of suitable indicators for the assessment of drought and flood risks, and the interpretation of the overlap of natural risk layers with the database. The map was constructed as an interactive map usable for planning and decision-making in the area, for orientation of municipalities in the issue and as an educational tool for public awareness.
HISTORICAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF CHLUMEC AT PRESENT
Kristýna Kříčková, Katarína Pavlačková, Alena Salašová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0129
The Czech landscape is unique in the world in the high number of preserved landscape compositions linked both to aristocratic residences and to pilgrimage complexes. The designed historical cultural landscape has a high residential value and an exceptionally high potential for the development of recreation and tourism. The subject of the research is the little-known landscape of Chlumec nad Cidlinou the centre of which is the Karlova Koruna castle by the Baroque architect Jan Blazej Santini-Aichel. The castle is the main tourist destination, but the potential of the whole area for recreation development is much higher and untapped. Promoting recreation is one of the ways not only to increase the economy of the area, but also to raise awareness of the designed landscape and the cultural and natural values of the area. The landscape of the Chlumec region is a designed landscape that hasn´t been studied in detail. The intention is to identify this composition, to describe and interpret its features and to assess its condition. The aim is to create appropriate expert documents that will support the identity of the landscape and, with respect for history, preserve its cultural and historical values to the maximum extent possible and as such can be implemented in spatial planning documents and further used for the declaration of a new conservation zone and the preparation of a regeneration concept.
HOUSING ESTATE – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Mária Bihuňová, Roberta Štěpánková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0134
The open public spaces for everyday recreation of city dwellers are under the close attention of several municipalities in Slovakia. Some cities are coming up with bold concepts for the development and revitalisation of recreational areas in the housing estates. Klokočina is an urban district of the regional town of Nitra. It is formed mainly by housing estates, in the peripheral part there are family houses. Klokočina has 26 000 inhabitants, who live mainly in prefabricated buildings. The area provides views of the surrounding countryside. In the vicinity there is a wooded hill Borina. It is one of the largest and most dynamic districts of Nitra. Its origin and development are closely connected with the process of urbanisation and industrialisation in the second half of the 20th century (between 1970s and 1980s). The Paper presents landscape architectural ideas of revitalisation and improvement of the open public spaces with emphases on the increasing the recreational activities and equipment for everyday recreational demands. The proposals took into the consideration also possibilities of adaptation for climate changes.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR ONE-DAY TRIPS WITH SMALL CHILDREN: INSIGHTS FROM THE LIBEREC REGION
Artur Boháč, Jana Málková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0138
Tourism with small children is characterized by the efforts to develop children's physical and psychological health in combination with relative rest and well-being for parents. The paper examines the issue from the perspective of tourism geography. Its theoretical part explains the fundamentals of child-oriented tourism and assesses a region's tourism potential, focusing on specific tourist segments. The practical part is focused on the Liberec Region in Czechia. It is based on geographic analysis of the region, questionnaire results, in-depth expert interviews and field research, including experimental trips with children. The study is anchored in the framework of localization and realization factors of tourism, which, together with the results of a mix of quantitative and qualitative research and field research, leads to a SWOT analysis. Moreover, the study suggests a route ideal for children in the region.
INCLUSION OF RECREATIONALLY REPELLENT LOCATIONS AS A TOOL FOR COHESIVE LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION
Jan Deutscher, Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0142
Whether conscious or unconscious, positive discrimination in the protection and care of recreationally or otherwise socially privileged (e.g., institutionalized nature conservation) localities and species or their habitats at the expense of excluded, unattractive localities is a little-discussed but binding societal problem. This problem is gaining importance, especially in the context of the constantly increasing requirements for the quality of recreational experiences, as well as in the context of selecting and defining protected areas with lower levels of protection or those protected only by general nature conservation. The value of qualitative perception is influenced mainly by the scale (knowledge) and perception of an object whose perceptual quality is considered low for any reason. The article explores the concept of incorporating so-called recreationally repellent localities into the recreational perceptions and actions of society, aiming to maintain a balanced perspective on both recreational and general landscapes.
INTEGRATING RELIEF ELEMENTS AND RAIL TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN THE TIMIȘU DE JOS - COMARNIC RAILWAY SECTOR
Adrian Nicolae Jipa, Camelia Teodorescu, Ana-Irina Lequeux-Dinca, Darius-Stefan Nestoriuc
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0145
Natural resources offer now perhaps more than ever the possibility to be exploited through tourism. The need to escape into nature appears as a necessary addition. Through rail transport in the Timisul de Jos-Comarnic sector of the Prahova Valley, these natural components can be discovered and then exploited for tourism. The study aims to carry out a detailed analysis of the degree of exploitation of environmental components as natural resources for tourism, the role of the railway network for this activity and the importance of maintaining a balance between tourism and environmental exploitation. Results obtained from the applied methods have led to favorable results for the environment. These results are also based to some extent on the role played by rail transport in this sector, identifying areas where infrastructure supports sustainable tourism.
INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE RYBNÍK FOREST PARK REVITALIZATION PROJECT
Viera Paganová, Gabriel Kuczman
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0149
The paper focuses on landscape-architectural solutions with an emphasis on promoting recreational activities in the forest park Rybník. The proposed solutions integrate various artistic elements of a natural character into the park's environment to enhance its aesthetic value and overall attractiveness. The aim is to create a multifunctional space that offers diverse opportunities for relaxation, recreation, and education for visitors of all age groups.
The educational aspect of the space will allow children to engage with nature in a fun and interactive way. The introduction of new features and activities will contribute to improving the quality of life in the area, enhancing the landscape character, and creating an appealing leisure space for visitors.
The design proposals are inspired by local natural elements, as well as the region’s wine and fruit-growing traditions. The project, which explores various alternative solutions with an emphasis on recreation, was developed in collaboration with students from the Institute of Landscape Architecture at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra for the Communal Land Association Rybník.
INTERCONNECTING KARST DOLINES WITH HIGH ECOLOGICAL VALUE THROUGH TOURIST ROUTES FOR ENHANCING PUBLIC RECREATION
Dina Statuto, Salvatore Margiotta, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0155
Planning technical interventions in areas of high landscape and environmental importance requires the convergence of integrated multiple skills. Particularly when these areas find significant opportunities for tourist valorization, this planning activity is extremely important and requires an appropriate technical approach. With the aim to enhance public recreation in the rural land, in this paper, some areas of peculiar environmental, landscape and archaeological value - such as the karst dolines (in Italian, so-called: “Puli“) – have been analyzed. This type of karst formation originated as a result of the collapse of the vault of underground cavities, excavated by the erosive and corrosive action of water infiltrating the limestone substrata. Through the implementation of a GIS tool, some touristic routes, connecting three different „Puli“ located in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), have been examined. These three areas are very interesting as for their historical-archaeological value and their geological nature, as well as for their naturalistic assets - both faunal and botanical biodiversity, including several ecosystems. The final results coming from this research may support in sustainably enhancing public recreation in the rural landscape along specific touristic routes, helping to assess the environmental and social impact of tourism activities along those trails as well.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AND PRESERVATION – ON THE VIA TRANSILVANICA TRAIL
Dorina-Ionela Tălpău, Ana-Maria Ciobotaru, Marian Marin, Radu-Daniel Pintilii
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0160
Via Transilvanica is a 1,400 km long-distance trail route which is also called the "the road that unites". It crosses the country from Putna to Drobeta-Turnu Severin through ten counties. It is designed for hiking, cycling and horse riding, all of which are eco-friendly with the environment and highlighting the idea that the environment needs to be protected.
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of tourism on the landscapes of Via Transilvanica, focusing on both its benefits and threats. The landscapes along the route face challenges such as deforestation in the mountain regions, the gradual transformation of traditional villages due to the influences of modern society, and uncontrolled waste disposal. While the trail stimulates local economies by encouraging rural tourism and promoting traditional crafts, it also brings risks such as those already mentioned. Responsible tourism practices, landscape preservation, and the active involvement of local communities are key to ensuring that the route remains a place of both ecological and cultural significance.
LANDSCAPE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE DYJE RIVER BASIN
Vilém Pechanec, Marcela Prokopová, Renata Včeláková, Tereza Pohanková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0164
The primary objective was to assess the area's susceptibility to degradation defined as the loss of its ability to perform ecosystem functions and services. This was achieved using the ESAI+ (Environmental Sensitivity Assessment Index) which integrates environmental and socio-economic indicators to identify potential risks well in advance. The method provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of territory and its susceptibility to degradation based on evaluation of 16 parameters grouped into four thematic components. For practical use, the resulting index of degradation risk is categorized into eight classes. This method is followed by an analysis of the functionality of the landscape and its resilience in climate change conditions. Based on the inter-comparison of categories across the selected territorial units, the most at-risk areas were identified, highlighting where mitigation and adaptation measures should be prioritized. The assessment was carried out at the habitat level in the detail of a regular square grid with a 100x100m grid spacing.
LANDSCAPE-ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL OF THE RECREATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENT OF THE CYCLE PATH
Mária Bihuňová, Adriana Zajícová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0169
Paper presents landscape architectural proposal of the cycle path in Partizánske region. The proposed trail connects villages: Brodzany, Krásno, Kolačno, Chynorany, Turčianky and city Partizánske. The aim of the proposal was to create a safe and educational cycling route for all age categories, which would combine a recreational experience with knowledge of history, fauna, flora and natural processes. The route is equipped with information boards, interactive elements and rest areas with benches, shelters and bicycle racks, thus increasing the comfort of the ride.
Emphasis has been placed on safety and sustainability - problematic sections have been paved and supplemented with orientation signs. The cycle route offers not only active movement, but also space for relaxation and exploring the natural and cultural heritage of the region.
MAJZON SQUARE REIMAGINED: TRANSFORMING PUBLIC SPACE AT THE EDGE OF NOVÉ ZÁMKY’S HISTORICAL TOWN CENTRE
Attila Tóth, Katarína Slobodníková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0173
Majzon Square in Nové Zámky is a small public open space on the periphery of the historical town core, located just 100 metres from the main square. Originally, this triangular open space was positioned along the fortress town walls and, in the 20th century, it also served as a marketplace. Today, the square is enclosed on all sides by local roads and consists of green and paved surfaces, both of which are of low quality. The square's main features include an artesian well and a bronze bust of Ján Majzon (1849–1921), a prominent local figure. Given its strategic location in the town centre, the square holds significant potential for transformation into a more inclusive, multifunctional, and vibrant public space. This paper presents four redesign scenarios developed by students of landscape architecture within the Public Space Design Studio. Each scenario incorporates contemporary urban design principles, integrating green and blue infrastructure elements while enhancing the city’s local identity, improving accessibility and permeability, and incorporating climate-responsive design features.
MODIFICATIONS IN DISABLED ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
Pavla Kotásková, Jitka Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0178
Wheelchair access allows disabled people to visit places that would normally be inaccessible to them. This includes overcoming stairs, uneven terrain and other obstacles. In the context of the new Building Act, the issue of barrier-free use is formulated in the new concept of accessibility. This has a broader meaning and has become one of the seven basic requirements for buildings. It is intended to ensure that not only buildings but also land can be used safely by all people of all ages and in all life circumstances. This means not only wheelchair users, but also mothers with small children, the elderly or the infirm. The article also looks at the possibilities of using natural sites for recreation for these people.
MORPHO DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE TATRA MTS. (SLOVAKIA) AS LIMITS OF ALPINE TOURISM
Gabriel Bugár, Juraj Hreško, Veronika Piscová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0183
The Tatras, with their location on the northern edge of the Carpathian arc, have their own specific position both in the field of nature protection and in the socio-economic development of Slovakia. Practically since 1949, the principles of nature protection have been applied within the Tatra National Park, which was associated with significant restrictions on socio-economic activities mainly limited to the area of tourism development. A large part of the capacity of the territory was gradually designated for concentrated forms of tourism, while forms of hiking were limited not only by the availability of the relief, but also by the defined routes of tourist trails. The most frequently used trails are from the mouth of the valleys, through their bottoms to the saddles, through the ridges to the more accessible peaks. In the article we focus mainly on valley or valley-saddle routes, as in the case of the Belianske Tatras. Since 1993, the bilateral Tatra Biosphere Reserve has been approved, which has emphasized the attribute of sustainable forms of tourism. In the article we want to point out the importance and impact of morphodynamic processes as limiting factors of alpine tourism. The frequency of occurrence of sudden and difficult to predict events is increasing, and thus the risk of endangering humans. Gradient structures of valley systems in some parts of the valleys increases the risk of endangerment of hiking trails, as well as tourists themselves.
OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGENIC HAZEL POLLEN
Andrea Srubková, Jaroslav Rožnovský, Milan Palát
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0188
Recreation is limited by the occurrence of allergenic pollen. The beginning of the growing season, and thus recreation, is determined by an increase in air temperature. However, the flowering of common hazel (Corylus avellana), whose pollen is allergenic, also begins. The average flowering time of the hazel in Lednice is 50 days and it blooms for about 26 days. In the last 10 years, there has been a later onset and a shorter flowering period. For the city of Ostrava, data from the two nearest phenological stations, Mladecko and Valašské Meziříčí, are processed for comparison. Both stations have more than twenty years of data. The average flowering time at the Mladecko station is 47 days and it blooms for an average of 45 days. In the last ten years, each year, a longer flowering period with an earlier onset has alternated with a shorter flowering period and a later onset of the beginning of flowering. The Valašské Meziříčí station shows a later onset and a shorter flowering period. The onset of the flowering period begins on average 66 days a year and lasts about 21 days. For people suffering from pollen allergy, the flowering period is less favorable for being in nature.
OCCURRENCE OF SNOW COVER AND WINTER ON RECREATION
Petr Hora, Jaroslav Rožnovský
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0193
Recreation and nature conservation in winter are strongly related to the occurrence of snow cover. If the snow cover is not sufficient, the recreation is deprived of skiing. It can also negatively affect the environment. The total snow depth is measured every day, at 7 am. If we add up the data for all days of the winter season, we can get a single number not only about the average height of the snow cover but also about its duration. CHMI stations with a sufficiently long series of measurements were selected for the Beskydy region and the foothills, and from the winter of 1961/62 to the present day, the sums of the total snow depth were calculated. In the first ten winters of the evaluated period, i.e. from the autumn of 1961 to the spring of 1971, the total amount of snow ranged on average from 852 cm (Mošnov), to 1007 cm (Lučina), 1320 cm (Frenštát), 3587 cm (Horní Bečva), 5095 cm (Bílá) up to 15621 cm (Lysá hora). In the past winters, i.e. from autumn 2014 to spring 2024, the average sum of the total snow height ranged from 190 cm (Mošnov), to 200 cm (Lučina), 345 cm (Frenštát), 1064 cm (Horní Bečva), 1629 cm (Bílá) up to 9068 cm (Lysá hora). From an overall perspective, from the 1960s to the present, there has been a gradual reduction in the total amount of snow. This fact means the limitation of skiing on natural snow in the cold season.
ONLINE TOOLS FOR GEOHERITAGE INTERPRETATION BOTH IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION
Silvia Palgutová, Kristína Pramuková, Miriama Javorská, Ľubomír Štrba
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0197
Geoheritage interpretation represents communication between information about geoheritage and tourists, resulting in the acquisition of knowledge, a change in attitudes, the creation of an emotional bond, and/or the provision of the experience itself. Both the chosen language of communication and the interpretation tool are essential to achieve education and satisfaction. Given today's modern times, online tools are a great intermediary for information at any given time or place. Tools such as websites, virtual tours, virtual laboratories, virtual galleries, interactive maps, posts on social media, online games, and many others can provide opportunities for both formal and informal education due to their versatility. This article showcases the opportunity to combine several of the aforementioned tools to achieve multiple goals a) in formal education by teaching geotourism, b) in informal education by educating the public through geotourism, and c) in science by conducting research. Such a proposal is the subject of an internal scientific project the output of which is an innovative educational platform enabling the virtual examination of rock formations with 360° views of rock samples, interactive elements, and educational modules. The nature of the proposal adds not only to its educational value but also to its research value, thus providing space for further development in this area.
PROTECTION OF ANCIENT TREES (VETERAN TREES) IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE
Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Andrzej Długoński, Nataliia Boiko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0202
Vegetation plays a crucial role in urban spatial structures, being a decisive factor for the local climate, environmental conditions, as well as the visual identity and ambiance of a space. Vegetation facilitates the development of a so-called “friendly space”, which is essential for the sustainable growth of contemporary cities. Within the urban ecological system, trees are of paramount importance due to the volume of biomass they produce and their consequential environmental impact. Particularly significant are large and aged specimens, referred to as ancient trees (veteran trees). Contemporary research indicates that newly planted trees in current habitat conditions rarely reach the longevity of their mature predecessors.
PROTECTIVE BELTS FOR POWER LINES AND THEIR POTENTIAL IN LANDSCAPE CARE
Petr Kupec, Jan Deutscher
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0208
Power line protection strips represent very important linear elements in the landscape. Until now, these objects have served primarily power line operators as technological objects in the construction and care of power lines. Since 2024, GasNet has been actively interested in the potential of using protection strips, especially for environmental protection and recreation of citizens from adjacent municipalities. In cooperation with Mendel University in Brno, a concept of optimized use of power line protection strips is being developed, aimed primarily at strengthening their eco-stabilization, anti-erosion, hydric and recreational functions. The topic is also carbon sequestration in the vegetation of the strips, as well as their importance for wild and farm animal species. The article presents the results of the first proposals for solutions for linear communities of power line protection strips, which should ensure the above functions.
RECREATION ACCORDING TO THE NEW SPATIAL PLAN OF THE CITY OF BRNO
Alena Kliková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0212
The paper is devoted to the new zoning plan of the City of Brno, which was issued by the City Council of Brno at its meeting on 10 December 2024 and came into force on 31 January 2025. Zoning serves to ensure sustainable development of the territory, taking into account the possibilities and limits of the disposal and efficient use of the territory, and in this sense then aiming at targeted regulation of such disposal and use. As the basic development and conceptual document of the city, the spatial plan determines the use of the territory, plans its development, protects the environment and coordinates the needs of residents, businesses and public interests. Among other things, the Brno City Zoning Plan defines areas designated for recreation and defines the individual institutes of recreation and the possibilities of using a given area for a particular form of recreation. The paper will focus on the individual forms of recreation according to the new Brno City Master Plan and explain these, including the rules for the use of these sites according to the new Master Plan.
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF URBAN FORESTS IN THE YOUNG GENERATION OPINIONS. A CASE STUDY OF WARSAW (CENTRAL POLAND)
Andrzej Długonski, Justyna Marchewka, Weronika Bogdanowicz, Zuzanna Tomporowska
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0218
The research aimed to check how Bielański Forest (BF) users perceive its recreational function and what types of activities they undertake. The results indicate that regardless of the age of the respondents, the urban forest area located in Warsaw was chosen because of its proximity to the surrounding housing estates. Almost 72% of the respondents indicated that the road to the forest is covered on foot and that it takes them less than 15 minutes. Next, they indicate that the reason for choosing this place to rest is that it does not feel crowded and is calm and quiet. Less important to them is the cleanliness of the air and the equipment (e.g., trash cans, benches, etc.). The most common form of activity is walking, which applies to all age groups, and in the following order, cycling; in this adjective, it was observed that slightly more often, this type of activity was undertaken by people after 50 years of age. Regardless of age, BF presents its users as a safe space (75 - 87% depending on age) for recreation.
REDEFINING UNSEEN SPACES: EXPERIMENTAL AND INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR RESEARCHING URBAN VOIDS
Miroslav Čibik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0223
Urban voids—often termed "white spaces"—represent overlooked territories within cities, holding untapped potential for spatial regeneration and social engagement. This study presents an innovative pedagogical framework developed at the Institute of Landscape Architecture (Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra), where research on urban voids is integrated into landscape architecture education through studio projects, fieldwork, and student theses. By combining historical analysis, sensory mapping, and experimental cartography, the research employs a six-stage methodology to decode the latent dynamics of these spaces. Case studies from Bratislava, Nitra, Trnava, and Žilina demonstrate how student-led mapping techniques—such as pixel grids (Fig. 1), annotated sketches (Fig. 3), and participatory field surveys (Fig. 2)—reveal patterns of neglect and opportunity in urban voids. The results highlight two key insights: (1) creative-analytical hybrid methods (e.g., collages, sensory diagrams) uncover invisible socio-spatial narratives, and (2) small-scale interventions, tested in academic settings, can serve as prototypes for broader urban reactivation strategies. While the study underscores the value of embedding void research into design pedagogy, it also identifies challenges, including the scalability of student projects and the need for community co-design in real-world applications. This work advances a replicable model for interpreting urban voids, arguing that their transformation begins with seeing them not as empty gaps, but as spaces of pedagogical and civic possibility.
REDESIGNING A. JEDLIK PARK: ENHANCING GREEN SPACE IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA ON THE URBAN EDGE OF NOVÉ ZÁMKY, SLOVAKIA
Attila Tóth, Katarína Slobodníková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0228
A. Jedlik Park is located on the south-western edge of Nové Zámky, within a residential area predominantly comprising single-family houses. The park is linked to a large linear green space that runs alongside the River Nitra, approximately 500 metres away. Its primary users are the residents of the surrounding homes. Spanning nearly 2 hectares, the park hosts 150 trees, with a relatively diverse species composition, including 26 different species. However, the green space is fragmented due to a poorly organised and incoherent path system. To address this, master’s students in landscape architecture developed four design scenarios within the Public Green Space Design Studio, aiming to revitalise the park by incorporating contemporary principles of landscape architecture and public open space design. Each design reconfigures the existing path network into a more continuous and logical circulation system. Additionally, the students proposed introducing new elements and site furniture to enhance the quality of the open space and improve the well-being of local residents. The design scenarios were presented to local government representatives, municipal employees, and nearby residents.
REMINISCENCE OF THE FIRST MEETING: REACTIVATING URBAN VOIDS THROUGH PERFORMATIVE URBANISM STRATEGIES
Miroslav Čibik, Katarína Jankechová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0233
Urban voids—often neglected and underutilised spaces—present opportunities for temporary, low-cost ephemeral invasive interventions that can reshape public space dynamics. This research investigates the potential of tactical urbanism and performative urbanism in reactivating such spaces, transforming them into platforms for social interaction, memory-making, and engagement. Through the case study of “Do you remember how we met?”, a temporary intervention in the centre of Bratislava, the study examines how participatory design and performative strategies can foster new spatial narratives. The intervention, an object-based installation, engaged passers-by in an interactive process, prompting reflection on first meetings and collective memory. Data collected from participants’ recollections revealed distinct layers of remembrance, illustrating the emotional and psychological dimensions of urban experience. The study further explores how tactical urbanism enables flexible, adaptive transformations of urban voids, while performative urbanism activates space through embodied social participation. Findings highlight the potential of ephemeral interventions to catalyse urban vibrancy, but also reveal challenges related to material resilience, engagement sustainability, and unintended interactions. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on temporary urbanism, advocating for experimental and participatory approaches that reimagine public space as a dynamic and socially responsive entity.
RENATURALIZATION PRACTICES APPLIED TO THE CREATION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN PERIPHERAL URBAN AREAS
Soňa Bellérová, Marek Hus
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0237
Despite the significant emphasis placed by the professional community on the need to implement renaturalization procedures in the design of urban environments, these approaches are still applied rather sporadically in practice. Renaturalization, as a design approach, presents several challenges. These include specific aesthetic considerations, alternative ways of understanding the relationship between the user and the environment, as well as the often-demanding maintenance and management systems required in our conditions. As part of the IN-HABIT research project, the planning process for an experimental renaturalized public green space in the Nitra River retention zone has begun. The selection of species composition was based on phytocenological analysis, supplemented with renaturalization-supporting approaches such as integrated ecological design, co-design, and the Gestalt principle of contrast. This paper describes the principles applied in the renaturalization of the selected area, including the procedures used for creating and selecting suitable plants and herbs. It also discusses the methodologies employed in choosing native species that will contribute to the ecological stability of the area while enhancing its aesthetic value. An interdisciplinary team-comprising a designer, landscape architect, methodologist, implementers applying ecological, local, and historical landscape creation practices, community activators, meadow composition experts, dendrologists, engineers, and others-collaborated on creating this experimental space. The implemented solution will serve as a laboratory to monitor aspects of sustainability, the quality of the proposed designs and maintenance practices, as well as their acceptance and impact on the public.
REIMAGINING PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPE: SMALL-SCALE EPHEMERAL INTERVENTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Miroslav Čibik, Mária Bihuňová, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0244
Peri-urban landscapes are dynamic zones where urban and rural elements interact, offering unique challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. This research explores how small-scale, ephemeral interventions can shape these landscapes to foster cultural continuity, recreation, and community engagement. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it examines how temporary architectural elements can enhance spatial identity, restore functional zones, and promote social inclusivity. Focusing on the Liptov region and the fluctuating water levels of the Liptovská Mara reservoir, the study investigates spatial, historical, and environmental contexts influencing peri-urban interventions. It analyses the legacy of traditional wooden architecture and its potential reinterpretation in contemporary design. By assessing transport networks, visual composition, and user activities, the research identifies key parameters for integrating small-scale interventions that preserve cultural heritage while meeting modern spatial needs. Findings suggest ephemeral structures can catalyse sustainable regional development, balancing ecological sensitivity with functional adaptability. These interventions minimise environmental impact while boosting local engagement, tourism, and recreation. The study contributes to adaptive landscape strategies, proposing a framework for integrating small-scale architectural solutions in evolving peri-urban environments. Ultimately, it advocates for ephemeral interventions as responsive, low-impact solutions that redefine the relationship between people, landscape, and the built environment in transitional spaces.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF SMALL TOWNS IN ROMANIA
Ana-Maria Ciobotaru, Dorina-Ionela Talpau, Alexandra Zaharia, Marian Marin, Radu-Daniel Pintilii, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0249
The cities from Eastern Europe have experienced profound changes in socio-economic terms after the change of political regime in 1989. On the one hand, the demographic decline, along with a series of other factors, has led to a profound economic decline. The objective of the study is represented by the territorial diagnosis in a small town marked by profound transformations. The study area is the municipality of Adjud, located in eastern Romania, with a population of under 20,000 inhabitants. The methods used consist of field observations, the processing of statistical data and specific indicators to characterise the socio-economic changes registered after 1990. The results include demographic and economic analyses, as well as correlations between indicators, providing an overview of this small town with a poorly diversified economy.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE URBAN MODEL SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN TÂRGOVIȘTE CITY
Constantin-Răzvan Oprea, Roxana Cuculici, Adriana-Bianca Ovreiu, Iulian Săndulache, George Muratoreanu, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0254
Urban green spaces are essential in improving sustainable cities' quality of life. They help reduce pollution, regulate temperature, and provide refuge for biodiversity. It also promotes physical and mental health through opportunities for recreation and relaxation. Green spaces stimulate social cohesion, providing meeting places for the community. Investments in these areas increase real estate value and attract tourists, thus contributing to economic development and urban sustainability. This study combines GIS techniques, remote sensing, and urban modeling to provide a clear vision of the spatial dynamics of green infrastructure and to propose effective solutions for the sustainable management of the urban environment in Târgoviște City. This analysis used data from the following sources: high-resolution aerial images to analyze the evolution of green spaces and GIS maps for mapping the current distribution, information from urban planning documents, and local strategies. The results obtained highlight the dynamics of the surface of urban green spaces, the extension of the built area, and the development of road infrastructure, but also the need to develop urban regeneration plans by rehabilitating degraded green areas and connecting them by creating green corridors, all of which represent a series of important challenges.
SUSTAINABLE CULTURAL TOURISM IN BĂRĂGANUL MOȘTISTEI BASED ON SACRED MONUMENTS
Florian Alin Butoi, Camelia Teodorescu, Ana-Irina Lequeux-Dinca, Ștefania Elena Calinoiu, Adrian Nicolae Jipa
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0260
The sacral cultural landscape requires greater attention in the analysis of knowledge, through the multitude of details and messages it conveys, through painting and laic architecture. This study attempts to highlight and value the potential that the Mostiștea Bărăgan has from this point of view. The method of analysis is the empirical one of the interview which had as basis of analysis and discussion the knowledge of the main lay monuments (some of them without religious activity) of the locals, but also of those who visit the area. The results support the local administrations to pay more attention to these monuments that form a special cultural landscape, the sacred one. It can be an important source of tourism for a geographical area whose physical-geographical landscape is not particularly remarkable. Together with the wealth of lakes used for fishing and recreational purposes, this sacred cultural landscape could become an additional source of tourist attraction.
SUSTAINABLE MOUNTAIN TOURISM ACTIVITIES AND INFLUENCE OF FOREST LOSS
Radu-Daniel Pintilii, Marian Marin, Ana-Maria Ciobotaru, Alexandra Zaharia
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0265
The mountain areas in Romania represent an essential ecological region with diverse ecosystems. Forests face threats, such as natural and anthropogenic factors, which drive significant forest loss areas. This paper explores a possible relationship between forest loss and tourism circulation in areas of mountain tourist resorts from the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. Forest loss in mountain areas is caused by multiple natural and/or anthropogenic sources, such as climate change and extreme weather events, deforestation, illegal logging, land use changes, and forest fragmentation. Results showed that the top deforested counties are related to mountain areas, with more than 52% of all tree cover loss between 2001-2023. Land use change and socio-economic modifications had a significant impact on forest management practices. The forest loss in Romania is mainly caused by human activities such as logging, land use changes, and forest fragmentation, amplified by climate change and extreme weather events. Several key strategies for sustainable mountain tourism are needed for successful sustainable tourism development, such as energy communities, local community involvement, and visitor satisfaction.
THE ALGORITHM EFFECT: HOW AI-DRIVEN TRAVEL PLANNING FUELS OVERTOURISM
Emil Drápela
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0272
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping tourist decision-making through recommendation systems embedded in travel platforms, search engines, and conversational AI models. This study examines how AI-generated travel recommendations contribute to overtourism by reinforcing the popularity of crowded destinations. Using an experimental approach, various GPT models were prompted to suggest travel destinations within selected regions of the Czech Republic. The results revealed a strong bias toward well-established tourist hotspots, many already experiencing overtourism-related challenges. Lesser-known locations, which could serve as alternative destinations to distribute tourist flows more evenly, were rarely recommended. These findings suggest that AI-driven travel planning, rather than diversifying visitor distribution, may amplify existing tourism imbalances by favouring destinations with high digital visibility and historical popularity. This study highlights the need for more responsible AI design in tourism applications to promote sustainable travel behaviours and mitigate overtourism.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL FIELD ROADS ON THE TERRITORY OF UPPER GERMAN-LANGUAGE ENCLAVE NEAR VYŠKOV IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Kateřina Zapletalová, Petr Hrůza
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0277
The network of rural roads underwent radical changes during the 20th century. In particular, there has been a deterioration in the permeability of the landscape caused by transfers of property rights following the displacement of the indigenous population and the emergence of large blocks of land without an originally structured network of rural roads and countryside pathways.
In the example of the model territory of the Upper German-language enclave near Vyškov in the Czech Republic, we analyse the historical development and spatial distribution of the rural road and road network from the early 19th century to the present and its influence on the recreational and tourist potential of the territory in both the past and today.
THE IMPACT OF EXTREME RAINFALL FOR A CRUISE IN THE PUNKVA CAVES
Jaroslav Rožnovský, Filip Chalupka
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0282
The influence of weather on outdoor recreation is clear. However, the development of the climate brings an increased frequency of extreme manifestations of meteorological elements. Their negative effects also affect the possibilities of recreation not only in the open countryside, but also in caves. The evidence is the closure of the Punkva caves in the Moravian Karst, due to high rainfall totals. The occurrence of extreme precipitation in summer and early autumn had catastrophic consequences on our territory. The sailing of the electric boat in the Punkva caves was affected, it was completely closed after the floods, and then limited in October. Closed again in January and February due to damage to the electrical installation. There was a significant rise in the level of the Punkva River, layers of mud were deposited in the cave environment, and the electrical installation was damaged. The cause was exceptionally high rainfall totals between September 14 and 16, when daily rainfall totals exceeded 60 mm. However, as far as the Moravian Karst area is concerned, part of the caves were already affected by floods in July. From the point of view of the provision of recreation, it appears that the extremes of the weather will affect it more and more. It will be necessary to create specific forecasts of the occurrence of weather extremes in this area as well.
THE IMPACT OF MEADOW COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT ON SPECIES COMPOSITION IN URBAN AREAS
Marek Hus, Anna Pástorová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0287
Grass-herb communities in urbanized environments with diverse plant species contribute effectively to the aesthetics of urban landscapes, enhance environmental quality, support biodiversity growth, and create suitable conditions for urban pollinators. Their integration into green infrastructure systems represents a valuable strategy in addressing the climate crisis. This study focuses on meadow communities established as part of the revitalization of a city park in Nové Zámky. Three different seed mixtures were applied to five experimental plots within a research area of 2200 m². Meadow communities were observed over a three-year monitoring period, with particular attention given to the impact of management practices, including species composition, mowing frequency and timing, irrigation, and weed control. A significant finding was the persistence of certain herbaceous species in the monitored plots despite inadequate management practices and periods of drought. This highlights their ability to adapt and regenerate under adverse environmental conditions.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE ON THE SOILS DEFORMATION PROPERTIES IMPROVED OR NATURAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATIC CHANGES
Lier Agirre Gomez, Lenka Ševelová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0293
The design and service life of structures depend on various factors, including material properties, calculation model accuracy, and the methodology used. In Low Volume Road pavement design, it is essential to consider subsoil behavior and factors influencing its mechanical properties, particularly moisture, which significantly affects soil deformation when improved or no improved materials. This issue becomes more relevant under climate change conditions. The resilient modulus, derived from the cyclic California Bearing Ratio test, is a key parameter for assessing soil resistance to repeated loads. Furthermore, road design should consider the recreational potential of the area and ensure proper maintenance for sustainable use. Intensive use can accelerate road degradation, leading to environmental damage and reduced recreational enjoyment. Therefore, solutions based on best practices and experiences from the Czech Republic and other countries are being explored. Finally, poorly maintained, damaged, or excessively deformed road surfaces not only reduce functionality but also increase fuel consumption and the costs associated with non-renewable resources. Ensuring proper design and maintenance can help mitigate these negative impacts while promoting sustainable infrastructure. The paper will present the results of tests investigating the effect of moisture on both the Resilent Modulus and permanent and elastic deformation of the subgrade.
THE PERCEPTION OF URBAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE - A RESOURCE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Camelia Teodorescu, Ana-Irina Lequeux-Dinca, Darius Nestoriuc, Adrian Nicolae Jipa, Ștefania Elena Calinoiu
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0297
Everyone interprets the landscape differently; this may be due to the influences of religion culture, even childhood. However, it is important to consider how landscapes can be categorized and how people perceive them. Cultural landscapes can be analyzed as a cultural property, or as a heritage property, consisting of cultural resources - landscapes and buildings. For a better understanding of perceptions of urban cultural landscapes, case studies based on a specific methodology of interviews were necessary. The topic or question to be answered is related to how they perceive the cultural landscape in question. They are important targets, they are landmarks in different cities in Romania and, each of them offers a very unique setting, a particular local landscape. The results obtained have taken into account: Natural features, Historical features, Contemporary features, Cultural activities, Historical events, Contemporary human activities, Sense of place, Links with the past, Memories offered. Each of these chosen landmarks offers, according to the interviews, a different perception.
THE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF ABANDONED FOREST CEMETERIES BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF WAŁCZ PROVINCE (NORTH-WESTERN POLAND) AND EASTERN PRUSSIA (NORTH POLAND)
Andrzej Długonski, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Jan Łukaszkiewicz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0301
Old forest cemeteries of abandoned regions in Central Europe are essential cultural landscape elements with a specific biodiversity potential. The research aimed to determine the ecosystem services of four multi-confessional cemeteries in Wałcz province (North-Eastern Poland). Materials and methods: In total, 2 forest cemeteries in Wałcz citywere researched, and the results using site observation and photographic documentation were elaborated. The study raises the following three issues- cemeteries as places of biodiversity, cultural diversity, and human recreational diversity. The results show that cemeteries serve as recreational and restorative places for specific urban population groups that sometimes do not find space in other green urban spaces. The cultural diversity of cemeteries of different religions differs considerably within the same city. As a standard feature of all cemeteries, it can be stated that they provide underestimated qualities for relaxation, reflection, and contemplation in noisy and tourism development in abandoned and undiscovered regions of Europe.
THE ROLE OF PLANT COLLECTIONS IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN FIELD OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Jozef Porvazník, Ladislav Bakay, Katarína Miklášová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0305
The paper describes the practical teaching at the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering. The woody plant collection and the Interactive Experimental Garden are educational platforms for experiential education, self-education, and lifelong learning in the field of woody plants and perennial herbaceous planting design at the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. These collections are a “living book”, presenting a diverse array of ground-covering woody plants, perennials, bulbous plants, annuals, and biennial plants, as well as their various combinations. The garden serves as a research and educational platform for students, teachers, and the general public to explore innovative ways of acquiring knowledge and experience. In addition to the aforementioned research and educational purposes, these areas serve as a space for implementing and verifying maintenance activities and research in the field of innovative planting design. Our collection of woody plants and the Interactive Experimental Garden is also the platform for discussion in the field of planting design for experts, students, and the public, and what is more, it increases awareness of innovative planting design.
THE TIME DIALOGUE-REVITALIZING HISTORIC BUILDINGS - HOW TO HARMONIZE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE WITH CONTEMPORARY NEEDS WITHOUT SACRIFICING THE CHARM OF THE PAST DARIUS-ȘTEFAN NESTORIUC
Darius-Ștefan Nestoriuc, Camelia Teodorescu, Aurel Gheorghilas, Ana-Irina Lequeux-Dinca, Adrian Nicolae Jipa, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0309
To revitalize historic buildings or engineering marvels is a complex challenge, which takes into account both the preservation of architectural heritage and the functional needs of contemporary society. The city of Braila, with its streets steeped in history and eclectic architecture with art-nouveau, french and neoclassical influences. Now it faces a challenge: how to preserve the charm of the past while offering modern functionalities? This article aims to reconvert the architectural heritage of Braila, analyzing how these buildings can be harmoniously integrated into the current social-economic framework. The research is based on a mixed methodology: interviews with urban planners, architects, city residents along with personal opinion, and analysis of the archive documents. Both the technical challenges of restoration and the emotional and cultural impact on the community are examined. Through the stories of former manor houses transformed into cultural centers, the article illustrates the importance of this process not only for the city, but also for the potential beneficiaries who will feel the direct impact of the revitalization of the buildings by introducing them into the civil circuit under functionalities that were not anticipated in the original projects.
TOURISTS' PERCEPTION OF THE DANGERS AFFECTING THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE COZIA MASSIF (SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS)
Constantin-Răzvan Oprea, Adriana-Bianca Ovreiu, Laura Comănescu, Roxana Cuculici, Alexandru Nedelea, Bogdan Olariu, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0314
Geomorphological heritage is a fundamental component of natural heritage, which includes landforms, landform systems, and processes important to understanding Earth's history. When landforms are scientifically representative and develop a special value (aesthetic, cultural, or economic) through human perception, they are considered geomorphosites. The perspective of the communities that use and interpret the relief is critical in terms of natural and anthropogenic hazards that affect geomorphosites and that, over time, can lead to the loss or decrease of their value. Our approach aims to assess how tourists perceive and understand the hazards affecting geomorphological sites. To this end, in 2022-2023, a questionnaire with 15 closed-ended questions was applied to a sample of tourists as homogeneous as possible. The results reflect a poor understanding and training of tourists in the sense of awareness of the importance and vulnerability of geomorphosites, as well as the need to promote the geotourism potential of the massif.
TOWARDS A NETWORK OF HORSEBACK RIDING TRAILS IN A FOREST ENVIRONMENT
Petr Hrůza, Dominika Krausková, Hana Trtílková, Tamara Tichá
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0320
The use of forest environments for recreational purposes is becoming an increasingly significant aspect of contemporary lifestyles. The growing number of visitors and the diversity of their activities require effective management of their movements to minimise conflicts among different user groups and with forest management operations. This article focuses on the issue of regulating horse riders' movement, whose activities may interfere with the idea of leisure by other forest visitors and with forest operations. The University Enterprise has initiated discussions with stable owners to regulate riders' movement within the forest environment and collaboratively design a network of equestrian trails within forested areas. This study aims to analyse the current challenges in the management of equestrian activities in forest environments, assess the extent of trail overlap with forest roads and hiking trails, and propose management strategies to mitigate potential conflicts between different user groups and forest operations. The expected outcomes include a deeper understanding of the equestrian trail design and its implications for sustainable multi-use forest management.
TRANSFORMATION OF VISITOR NUMBERS IN THE MOST VISITED SITES OF THE SLOVAK NATIONAL MUSEUM BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19
Adam Čaplák, Henrich Grežo
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0324
Support for museum attendance is crucial for the development of cultural tourism, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, which had a significant impact on cultural institutions worldwide. The pandemic not only caused temporary museum closures but also brought about fundamental changes in visitor behaviour, leading to an overall decline in attendance. This study focuses on analysing the indicators of human tourism, the environment, and openness at the five most visited sites of the Slovak National Museum before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a comparative analysis, the research evaluates the changes in museum attendance before and after the pandemic, focusing on economic, social, and cultural factors. Focusing on these factors helps to better understand how these institutions adapted to new challenges and what long-term changes may have been caused by the pandemic. The goal of this analysis is to provide insight into how museum attendance has changed in response to the global crisis. The results of this study could offer valuable information for planning and developing cultural tourism.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
Karin Baisová, Štefan Adamčák, Michal Marko, Jana Luptáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0329
Physical activity in natural environments, often referred to as “green exercise” is linked to numerous benefits (e.g., physical, psychological) including reduction of stress, improved mood, and enhanced motivation for regular exercise (“green”, in our case). University students, who face increased risks of physical inactivity because of academic demands and lifestyle changes, have unique perspectives on participating in physical activity in natural environments; therefore, it (study) aims at exploring university students' perspectives on physical activity in natural environments; in particular, motivations and barriers. Instrument of survey (4Qs) was carried out 2 months (Jan. 1 – Feb. 28, 2025), as means of exploring 1,121 university students' (45.94% of boys, 54.06% of girls) perspectives on physical activity in natural environments. 35.33% (396) of students participated in green exercise 1x/ week (p ˂ 0.01), in general, for 1-3 hours/ week (51.57%; 580) (p ˂ 0.01). 43.69% (225) of male students participated in green exercise because of improving health (p ˂ 0.01), and 56.60% (343) of female students participated in green exercise because of relaxation and stress relief (p ˂ 0.01). “Lack of time” to participate in green exercise reported 67.81% (760) of students (p ˂ 0.01). It (study) highlights the need for strategy (targeted) to promote green exercise in university students by addressing the time constraints and emphasizing gender-specific motivators.
URBAN BIODIVERSITY MEADOWS: A TOOL FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Marek Hus, Alica Saková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0333
The current state of grasslands in urban environments is becoming increasingly inadequate in terms of functionality. These grasslands fail to provide space for biodiversity, become dysfunctional in the summer months due to improper management, and their aesthetic value is largely diminished. One potential solution to improve the quality of life in cities, enhance the aesthetic appeal of public spaces, and support biodiversity is the introduction of flowering meadows in urban areas. In 2023, a project focusing on the education and research of flowering meadow communities was implemented on the SPU Campus. Traditional grasslands were replaced with biodiversity meadows that emphasize the regionality and originality of seed species. These permanent meadow communities are designed to improve filtration, hygiene, microclimate, ecological diversity, thermal regulation, and aesthetic value on the university campus. Additionally, sections of the meadow will be used for teaching and research purposes. The goal of the project is to raise awareness, promote environmental consciousness, advocate for sustainable solutions, and demonstrate them in practice.
URBAN FORESTRY AND GREEN SPACES IN UGANDAN CITIES: YOUTH AND WOMEN PERCEPTIONS AND PARTICIPATION
Dastan Bamwesigye
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0338
Despite the fundamental character and role of urban parks and green places in providing and improving quality of life in urban settings, there is a noteworthy gap in appreciating and comprehending public opinions and engagement in such initiatives and programs in Uganda. This study aims to explore such perceptions and the level of community involvement throughout the four districts of Kampala, Fort Portal, Mbarara, and Gulu in Uganda. The study used an online survey questionnaire to gather data (n=501) responses through a simple random sampling approach to guarantee representativeness. The key findings discovered that whereas about 66% of the participants stated satisfaction with current urban parks, about 70% keenly engage in urban initiatives such as gardening and tree planting activities. Additionally, a noteworthy 99% articulated support for improved investment in green spaces demonstrated society's awareness and the need for improvement and increment. Even though there were positive opinions, the study recognized a gap in the need for inclusivity of sidelined groups, mostly youth and women. This investigation underscores the need for focused policy interventions to tackle these gaps. The study recommends prioritizing funding for improving green spaces, guaranteeing the active involvement of marginalized inhabitants in the planning and developing educational schemes to promote greater societal engagement in ecological activities. This is crucial for generating more inclusive urban environments that support sustainable community development, resilience, and improved overall urban health in Uganda.
URBAN GREEN SPACES AS CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL HUBS: THE "PARKS’ SCIENCE" PROJECT IN WARSAW AND MAZOVIA
Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Andrzej Długoński
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0344
Urban green spaces enhance environmental quality, foster well-being, and serve as dynamic educational environments. The project "Shaping parks and urban greenery in the historical context and current social needs" (no. POPUL/SP/0272/2023/01), conducted in 2024 in Warsaw and the Mazovia region, activated parks as cultural landscapes as platforms for environmental learning. Organized by the Department of Landscape Architecture at WULS-SGGW under the patronage of the Polish Dendrological Society and the Association of Polish Architects, the project involved expert-led interpretive and combined guided landscape and dendrology walks in seven historically and ecologically significant parks. It reached approximately 680 individuals (including around 170 regular attendees), offering educational content on dendrology, landscape history, biodiversity, and sustainable management. Evaluation data indicated high learning outcomes, improved species identification skills, and increased public awareness of landscape heritage. The study demonstrates that structured, expert-led park walks foster environmental literacy and civic engagement, encouraging more conscious urban landscape appreciation and preservation. The project is a model for integrating scientific knowledge with public education, strengthening the connection between urban residents and their natural surroundings.
VALUING FOREST NATURAL CAPITAL AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN A BIOECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
Jan Melichar, Kateřina Mácová, Hana Škopková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0349
Temperate forests support human well-being through providing many ecosystem services. According to the economic theory, forest ecosystems are a form of capital, often referred to as natural capital and thus are productive assets to society. Assets such as forest stands, soil and forest species are created by ecosystem processes that vary through time and space. Therefore, accurate valuation of forest ecosystems requires consideration of the underlying ecological dynamics that create and produce ecosystem services. We present a valuation framework that allows us to measure the shadow prices of individual forest ecosystem components as natural capital assets that is consistent with economic capital theory. Simultaneously, we account for biophysical and economic feedbacks of the system and incorporate three pathways by which the forest ecosystem affects human welfare.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
Hedvika Psotová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0352
Landscape elements are multifaceted natural and near-natural structures that articulate and co-create the character of the landscape. Their presence has a significant impact on the water regime of the landscape, affecting the permeability of the landscape for people and wildlife. Landscape structures fulfil a number of agri-environmental, eco-stabilizing and aesthetic functions and spatially affect human activities in the landscape.
WILD BOARS, COMMON BUT HIDDEN INHABITANTS OF BRNO
Jakub Drimaj, Jan Dvořák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0357
The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a globally distributed mammalian species that, at high densities, can cause extensive damage to agriculture and forestry, resulting in ecological damage and security risks. Its importance is enhanced by its enormous adaptability and ecological plasticity to a wide range of environmental factors. Across Europe, its presence in built-up areas, where it damages vegetation and property, causes traffic accidents, can transmit diseases and sporadically attacks dogs and humans, is increasingly being addressed. The situation is similar in the Czech Republic. Based on research in the city of Brno, groups of wild boars have also been recorded in the central parts of the city. It has been shown that they are associated with urban green areas, especially areas with many shelters (forest parks, brownfields, cottage territory, etc.).
YES OR NO TO THE REOPENING OF THE BELIANSKE TATRAS FOR TOURISM?
Veronika Piscová, Andrej Sedlák, Michal Ševčík, Juraj Hreško, Terézia Slobodová, Katarína Vitálišová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-025-2-0361
In recent decades, recreational intensity in protected areas has increased considerably. Due to the impact of climate change, tourists are increasingly looking for alpine areas where the climate is cooler. Therefore, the question arises whether to open the limestone Belianske Tatras, which have been closed to tourists since 1978 due to destruction by mass tourism, again. Alpine ecosystems are generally considered to be sensitive and fragile to disturbance and slow to recover, due to short growing season and a harsh climate, in combination with poor soil conditions. In 1993, the National Park/Biosphere Reserve Administration opened one one-way hiking trail in the territory, since 2009 it has been accessible in both directions. However, it turns out that human recreational activities, such as walking, cause direct mechanical disturbance of natural ecosystems with undesirable effects on vegetation. That's why we conducted experimental trampling in the territory with monitoring of regeneration in selected communities, in 2008 in original communities and in 2022 in regenerated communities. The results showed that although communities respond somewhat more resiliently to trampling, this is at the expense of losing some species, with mosses and lichens responding with a delayed response and species loss.