ISBN: 978-80-7509-830-6 | ISBN online: 978-80-7509-831-3 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3
Public recreation and landscape protection – with environment hand in hand… vol: 13
9.–10. 5. 2022 Křtiny, Czech Republic
- Jitka Fialová (Ed.)
Published: 2022, online: 2022, publisher: Mendel University in Brno
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Conference papers
Air Temperature Dynamics and Recreation in the City of Hradce Králové
Jaroslav Rožnovský, Jaroslav Střeštík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0009
The climatological station in the city of Hradec Králové allows one to evaluate the dynamics of air temperature as an indicator of conditions for recreation in the city. A suitable indicator is the air temperature during various seasons, especially in the summer and possibly in the winter. Increase in the average air temperature in the summer during the period of 1961 to 2020 in the city of Hradec Králové is 2° C. The air temperature has risen more significantly in the last 30 years. Each consecutive decade in the period from 1961 has been the warmest on record. Change in the average temperature in winter changes the conditions for winter sports, both the duration and period of continuous snow cover and restrictions for skating.
Analysing of land use in river basin Hornád for possibilities of recreation
Patrik Nagy, Rastislav Fijko, Miroslav Garaj
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0014
Climate change and land use affect the hydrological cycle and water resources and recreation opportunities. The researched area is located in eastern Slovakia in the Hornád river basin. Land use for the reference years 1990, 2000 and 2012 was evaluated using CORINE Land Cover. the assessed area is suitable for recreational purposes, because it has a suitable location attractive for tourists.
Analysis of environmental projects and green spaces in urban centers of Romania. Case study: South Muntenia development region
Camelia Teodorescu, Andrei Ducman, Alexandra Cioclu
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0018
Nature is an indispensable component of life, through the many benefits it offers, especially in the case of green spaces inside cities where the level of pollution is extremely high, and the desire to escape from everyday urban life is growing. The cities from South Muntenia development region of Romania are located in a plain unit, where there is a high need for afforestation to increase the level of green spaces according the European standards, which imposes the need to create environmental projects for the local authorities. In order to carry out the study, the sustainable development strategies of the main urban centers within the South Muntenia region were analyzed. The main objective is to analyze the purpose of projects related to green spaces and environment, which are the main sources of project financing, but also if they are related to leisure or increasing the quality of life in those areas. The central goal of the study is to raise awareness of the need to maintain a balance between urbanization and green spaces inside cities, but also around it, all for a high quality of life and for the development of the relationship between people and nature in urban areas.
Analysis of hydrological drought for selection of recreation places at eastern Slovakia
Tatiana Soľáková, Pavol Purcz, Helena Hlavatá, Dorota Simonová, Hany F. Abd-Elhami
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0023
Hydrological drought is an isolated natural phenomenon whose severity may be intolerable for environment. Drought influence also possibilities for tourism and recreation. Tourists prefer places with water for recreation. Understanding drought past manifestations allows us to better understand its frequency and the extent of its influence on the territory. For this purpose, the current article presents Standardized Stream flow Index (SSI) computed in 12 months time scales for classification of hydrological drought episodes during the period from 1972 to 2014 in 7 water meter stations localized in the Eastern part of Slovakia. A one-dimensional frequency analysis of hydrological drought was performed in order to determine the historical extreme episode of drought and average inter-arrival time of next one episode. The results show that the occurrence of drought extreme episodes will be more frequent in the Bodva sub-catchment. In the Dunajec and Poprad sub-catchment, extreme droughts can be expexted rarely. The most serious decade can be considered the period from 1982 to 1992, where in almost every monitored station a hydrological drought was recorded, the exception was only at the Bardejov station.
Analysis of spatio-temporal variability of soil erodibility values by water erosion
Jiří Brychta, Jan Vopravil, Martina Brychtová, Jana Kozlovský Dufková, Jana Podhrázská, Tomáš Khel, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0031
In current dynamic development of GIS and remote sensing methods, especially the use of accurate LiDAR data, there is a significant disproportion in the accuracy of morphological and soil data in the assessment of erosion. In current practice, the map of main soil units (MSU) is used to determine soil erodibility (expressed by K factor), which in many cases lead to a step change in values within one field or erosion closed unit (ECU). However, the soil properties included in the calculation of the K factor usually change smoothly in the direction of the slope, but also due to other morphometric characteristics. Terrain morphology should therefore be taken into account when determining the K factor values. The K factor values change dynamically both according to the terrain morphology within ECU and depending on climatic conditions that change during the year and within the geographical location in the Czech Republic (CR) and given physio-geographical conditions. In assessing the seasonal dynamics of K factor values, they appear to be key erosion rainfalls. By including this spatio-temporal variability of K factor values, it will be possible to significantly refine soil loss calculations and proposals for erosion control measures and retention elements and their intangible services for environment and increasing the landscape character and recreational potential of the site
Analysis of the potential of solar energy in the coastal area. Case study: The Black Sea coast of Romania
Andrei Ducman, Camelia Teodorescu, Valentin Cocârlea, Alexandra Cioclu, Laurențiu Szemkovics
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0036
Solar energy is one of the newest and friendliest ways to obtain energy, being a new way to fight against the increasing of pollution by everyday urban activities, but also against increasingly threatening climate change. Still in an early stage of development, solar energy is gaining ground for the public energy sector, not just for private businesses or private homes, which translates into an increasing number of photovoltaic panels in the areas where solar radiation has high values, and solar energy has the potential to be an supplement for the energy circuit of urban centers or even a substitute. In the area of the Romanian coast, the solar radiation is extremely high, which translates into a huge solar potential, but also through a high degree of success for the implementation projects of this type of energy. The central objective of the study is to identify the potential of solar energy and opinions from locals about a landscape filled with photovoltaic pannels, while the central goal of the study is to raise awareness of the need to promote renewable energy and and to embrace the beauty of the sustainable development of renewable energy, regardless of the impact on the landscape.
Application of structural substrate with biochar component into the urban water retention measures
Timea Petrová, Martina Majorošová, Viktória Tyukosová, Miriam Zaťovičová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0041
The use of the structural substrate has the potential to be a valuable element in the planning and implementation of the blue-green infrastructure elements in the urban environment. The main objective of water retention measures in urban conditions includes absorption, sedimentation, infiltration, filtration, accumulation, and evaporation. The system of planting woody vegetation - the most important component of green infrastructure, into the structural substrate with biochar component shows the utilization of the filtering and absorbing capabilities of greenery and substrate itself in smaller rooting volumes. These parameters are essential in the environment with significant negative environmental conditions such as insufficient possibilities for the rooting system, urban heat islands, air and soil pollution associated with the immediate vicinity of the traffic communication, salination, lack of rainfall during the growing season. The paper presents methods focused on the utilization of structural substrates with a biochar component in the conditions of Slovakia.
Assessing the impact of climate change and sea level rise on the shoreline of Alexandria city – recreation area
Hany F. Abd-Elhamid, Martina Zeleňáková, Mohamed Mahdy
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0045
Coastal areas, the most attractive for a tourists, are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change and sea level rise (SLR) which led to increase the coastal erosion. Shoreline change is used in the detection of coastal erosion in coastal areas. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) with ArcGIS can be used in monitoring the shoreline change using a number of statistical measures including; Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR). This study aims to assess the impact of SLR due to climate change on Alexandria coasts. GIS and RS with DSAS were used in monitoring changes in the shoreline of Alexandria. The satellite images of 30 m resolution were used for the period (1985-2021) and geomatically corrected using Supervised Classification to determine the land uses and land cover changes. GIS was used for change detection, monitor changes in the land use and shoreline and predict the future changes in the shoreline for 10 and 20 years. The results showed that Alexandria shoreline has moved inland with different values along the coasts in the period (1985-2021) and the predictions showed more increase in 2031 and 2041. Results of this study could help policymakers to plan adaptation strategies to mitigate these impacts.
Assessment of selected geoheritage elements in the Slovak part of the Tokaj region
Alexander Černega, Ľubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák, Csaba Sidor, Andrea Vravcová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0052
Natural heritage plays a key role when considering any type of nature-based tourism form development in any territory of the world. This paper discusses the assessment of abiotic natural heritage in the Tokaj region in Slovakia in order to set specific value to selected location of the territory and to, in more detail, know the geotourism development potential. Considering used methodology, not only the "overall" value was identified but some specific values, including scientific, economic, and educational, too. Assessment results indicate that the region of Tokaj includes significant geoheritage that, in combination with other values of this area such as cultural-historical heritage, represent admittedly strong basis for complex tourist experience.
Assessment of Territorial Stability from Landscape and Ecological Point of View
Zuzana Németová, Silvia Kohnová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0056
The aim of the study lies in analysing and evaluating the ecological status of the landscape with the specification of stress and anthropogenic dominant factors. The analysis was done for a case study in the upper Myjava River basin in the western part of Slovakia. To maintain the landscape's self-regulatory capabilities, it is crucial to know the historical development of the ecological stability and the stress factor influencing the current state. Ecological stability was assessed by several methodological procedures established for the conditions of the Slovak Republic, which serve to analyse landscape ecological status in the areas. Determination of ecological stability values is necessary for the comparison of development and changes of the landscape and the development of the landscape structure. The landscape ecological conditions were evaluated for the first and second military mapping, data from topographic maps of 1990, 2006, 2012, 2018 and a map of the current landscape structure. The results reflect the changes and development of the landscape structure within the individual evaluated periods and the analysis of stress factors (natural and anthropogenic). In addition, they include a proposal for measures to improve the current state of ecological conditions in the analysed area as also lift up cultural ecosystem services including recreation and ecotourism’s.
Comparison of the permitting of selected recreational buildings from the perspective of the new and old Building Act
Alena Kliková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0062
The paper will be devoted to the issue of permitting selected buildings for recreation from the perspective of the current Building Act No. 183/2006 Coll. and from the perspective of the new Building Act No. 283/2021 Coll., which is to come into force on 1 July 2023. The author will focus on specific selected types of buildings for recreation, which are located and implemented in recreational areas. A comparison will be made between the different forms of permitting of these structures according to the old and the new Building Act.
Comparison of the resilience modulus at different moisture contents using the cyclic CBR test to promote nature tourism
Jon Ander Zabala, Lenka Sevelova
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0065
The detailed and sensitive determination of input characteristics for low volume road design is important especially for the natural environment in conjunction with recreation activities. Existing methodologies for the pavement structure design consider the Resilience Modulus to be the fundamental property to characterize the materials of low volume roads. In order to obtain this modulus the cyclic CBR test has been used. Two different test variants have been carried out, the first one applying a constant 2.5mm penetration repeatedly until the elastic deformation reaches a constant value, and the second one applying a constant stress of 210 kPa. The material examined has been tested at fifteen different moisture contents and for each moisture content two different material compaction levels have been considered. Thus it has been possible to analyze the difference between the Resilience Modulus values obtained from the two different variants of cyclic CBR tests, for different moisture contents as well as for different material compaction levels.
Could a spatial database of historical photographs be used for rural tourism promotion?
Ondřej Ulrich, Markéta Šourková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0069
Historical photographs contain valuable information about the past state of a municipality and its surroundings. Over time, old structures and land patterns in the landscape become untraceable or indistinguishable, and determining the exact location from which a historic photograph was taken becomes complicated or impossible. People who are unfamiliar with the history of the location are unable to pinpoint where the photographs were taken or what it depicts. This reduces the informative value of historical photographs and prevents their wider use. To conserve photographs, along with their localisation and direction, a spatial database was created based on historical property records maps, digital elevation model, and panoramas from Seznam.cz. The study was carried out in the Luková cadastral area, located in the Czech Republic. Overall, 395 photographs were acquired, of which 225 were historical photographs ranging from 1845 to the 1980s. The remaining photographs were taken in 2015. All acquired photographs primarily capture rural buildings and sacred objects. From photographs, the historical rural character of the municipality could be determined, as well as objects of interest for rural tourism. In a comparison of photographs of buildings from the 1980s and 2015, loss of local architecture and traditional gardens can be seen.
Cultural heritage monuments in forests, their protection and their possible use in tourism
Aleš Bajer, Jakub Novák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0074
In the Czech Republic, a number of archaeological and cultural heritage monuments are located in forest environment. The protection of cultural heritage monuments especially in economic forests is not clearly defined in practice. Their occurrence is often associated with increased attendance of the localities, which in turn affects forest management activities. The paper addresses a specific situation at three localities in the Drahanská vrchovina (Drahany Highlands) in context of possibilities of their protection and their use in accordance with the principles of sustainable tourism. Specifically, the localities are 1) Vildenberk castle ruins and its closest surroundings (a cultural monument with well-identifiable remains of buildings and significant anthropogenic morphology of the relief), 2) Polom, a deserted medieval village (with distinct anthropogenic morphological shapes), 3) Bohdalůvka, a deserted medieval village (practically without surface anthropogenic relicts). The current state of tourist use was assessed at all three localities, and their potential and risks associated with tourism were evaluated.
Dendrochronology improves understanding of the charcoal production history, increasing the tourist potential in the Drahany Highlands
Michal Rybníček, Aleš Bajer, Michal Friedl, Robert Knott, Petr Kočár, Aleš Kučera, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0079
Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of charcoal production. This paper provides an anatomical and dendrochronological analysis of the charcoals found in two charcoal pile remains from each site. The species composition of the charcoals at the southern site was dominated by oak, followed by birch and hornbeam. Fir was more common than oak, beech, poplar, birch and hornbeam at the central site. Fir and beech were found at the northern site. By using dendrochronology, 23 fir, oak and beech charcoals were dated with the oldest sample coming from a central site and dated from the period 1753–1758. Charcoals from the three other charcoal piles fell into the first half of the 19th century. Radiocarbon dating of charcoals selected gave a very wide age range (1640–1955), except for one case (1399–1435). Providing information on the age of a charcoal pile can help raise public awareness and interest in viewing the sites where charcoal burners used to be active in the forests.
Design of a cycle path in the Pliešovská kotlina microregion of Slovakia
Vladimír Juško, Stanislav Azor, Marián Böhmer
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0084
At present local municipal authorities have been creating corridors and infrastructure for alternative ways of transport, including cycling. Such arrangements can significantly contribute to road traffic improvement, increasing road safety, creating a healthier environment, and improving conditions for leisure time activities and the economy in the regions of Slovakia. The project deals with the design of a cycle path which will provide a new opportunity for a safe and hazard free transit route for cyclists and pedestrians between the villages in the Pliešovská basin micro region and will serve the residents and general public alike. The project also includes the proposal for public street lighting, thus also enabling the path to be used during evening and night hours, as well as in poor visibility, which will improve safety both for cyclists and pedestrians. The project also includes a design for a resting place equipped with mobiliari, such as the information board, cycle racks, a seating area and traffic signs which in their design and colour will fit harmoniously with the local architecture and in their choice of material will compliment the surroundings.
Design of retention grass strips in the cultural agricultural landscape
Petr Karásek, Jiří Kapička
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0089
Reducing the size of soil blocks of agricultural land, especially in areas threatened by water erosion, leads to the need to implement anti-erosion measures in the landscape. One of them is anti-erosion grass strips. These strips act as protection against water erosion, increase the retention capacity of the landscape, are home to many animals, increase the aesthetic value of the landscape. The diverse cultural landscape will also increase the potential of tourism and recreation in the landscape. The costs of implementing these elements in the landscape are relatively low (compared to other technical anti-erosion measures). Anti-erosion grass strips (in combination with other landscape measures) positively transform the agricultural landscape into an ecologically more stable and aesthetically valuable area. For the correct function of grass strips in protection against water erosion, the design of retention strips is essential - a suitable shape respecting the morphology of the terrain, the width of the strip, the location in the area of the land (slope). A software application is currently being developed for this purpose. Through this simple application landscape engineers, farmers, can easily find out the appropriate technical solution of retention strips for the selected soil block.
Do visitors to the Jizera Mountains PLA behave sustainably? Comparison of the summer and winter seasons
Radek Timoftej, Hana Brůhová Foltýnová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0094
The paper presents results of research focused on sustainability of behaviour of tourists and visitors of the Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape Area. It builds on a sociological survey conducted on a representative sample of 733 tourists from Czechia and foreign visitors using CAPI in August 2021 and January 2022.
Our paper focuses on the analysis of mobility behaviour and selected activities in the protected area and potential for behaviour change in favour of more sustainable alternatives, including choice of means of transport to and around the territory, various services and activities in the area, and impacts of selected measures on the behaviour change; furthermore, differences between summer and winter seasons are compared. The paper also provides data on respondents' awareness regarding local specifics and possible activities and mobility services in the area.
The presented research results are a part of comprehensive research to develop guidelines for the so-called "Mobility plans for environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs)". Mobility plans should help authorities conceptually develop more sustainable forms of tourism and thus alleviate the pressure on the environment and its protection as such while respecting the specifics of the protected areas in Czechia.
Dobrogea soils - An ecosystem approach
Constantin-Răzvan Oprea, Roxana Cuculici, Iulian Săndulache
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0101
Soil resources, essential components of natural capital are necessary to analyze from the perspective of sustainable development, due to their role in relations with the components of the environment and with the socio-economic capital of a territory. In territorial planning, the study of soil resources is very important, from the perspective of ensuring ecological and social security. Being vulnerable to degradation processes, when used without observing the protective and conservative conditions, it can be degraded in a short time, and the subsequent recovery is long and expensive. Starting from these considerations, our analysis aims at evaluating the ecosystem services offered by the soils of the Dobrogea Plateau. Ecosystem services are one way to harness biodiversity by looking at what it does and how we value the function that soil performs. They generate a series of services that are essential for our health and well-being. Our study makes use of FAO (FAO and ITPS. 2015. Status of the World's Soil Resources – Main Report) assessments by correlating the soil reference groups according to the WRB with the soil units of the Dobrogea Plateau, a region characterized by the domination of the bio-climatically determined soils, to which various intrazonality situations are added. These include types of food security, climate regulation, water regulation, and socio-cultural services.
Economic effects of water-related tourism around the Vltava River cascade
Kateřina Mácová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0106
The Vltava River cascade with its series of dams and reservoirs has been traditionally an area of intense and diverse open-space recreation linked to water ecosystems. This study examines the effects of water-related tourism in this pilot area on the economy.
Using the Leontief input-output model based on the symmetric input-output table (SIOT) and data on yearly expenditure of recreationists, type I and II multipliers are derived for gross value added as indicator of economic effect. The results show that 1 CZK of tourists´ expenditure is associated with creation of about 0.41 to 0.53 CZK of regional gross value added (this also represents a proxy for the effect on regional gross domestic product). More than a half of the total effect of recreationists´ expenditure on the regional economy is realized through visitor purchases from economic sectors of accommodation and food service activities.
Evaluation of Non-Forest Woody Vegetation along Roads in the Rural Landscape
Gabriel Kuczman, Denis Bechera, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0110
Linear tree formations in settlements represent an important biological element in the built-up area system. Along roads they are often the only elimination element of negative factors. They can significantly affect the climate-regulatory features of public space, safety and fluidity of road traffic in case of traffic guidance and visual support of important rural elements, as well as the elimination of surrounding construction elements. At present, many settlements are marked by the significant influence of the past, when woody plants were planted primarily to create phytomass without a more detailed respect to authenticity, regional specifics, originality and composition in the streets. Roads were often perceived as linear transit components of urbanism. Demonstrations of the resulting diversity from the point of view of the woody plants age stage, originality, as well as proportional-spatial properties of the species, result in different fulfilment of the functions of the accompanying green roads. The visual and functional quality of the trees and its composition are reflected in the resulting roadside vegetation structure, which was the subject of the evaluation, as well as their fulfilment against the defined basic functions of roadside vegetation in the rural area. For comparison, model areas in the same landscape type with a similar urban structure were selected.
Evaluation of the implementation of the Smart Cities concept from the point of view of the benefit for the urban forests of the city of Brno
Jitka Meňházová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0114
The scope of Smart City issues is very wide and affects all areas of the city of Brno. When the term "city" appears in the concept, it is always taken as a whole, including municipal companies and established contributory organizations. Smart City is therefore significantly associated with the involvement of the urban ecosystem in the development of the city, where each of the actors has an irreplaceable role. This can take the form of participation in events, workshops and meetings, which serves to find the future direction of the city, gather ideas for its development, as well as to test the functionality or verification (proof of concept) of individual projects. There are many positive and interesting ideas, concepts and projects that incorporate digital technologies in urban forest management being supported by smart urban forest strategies and tree management policies. The contribution evaluates how these concepts affect the suburban forests of the city of Brno.
Evaluation of Woody Plants Located in Rural Public Park Areas
Denis Bechera, Gabriel Kuczman, Miroslav Čibik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0120
The composition of woody plants as well as their species composition in rural public settlements is diverse and depends on many factors; from the layout of the settlement structure, through cultural and historical ties, up to the landscape in which the settlement is located. The change of approach in the green public spaces creation during the past years has brought woody plants to solid position in case of rural environment shape; not only in the form of composition, but also in the valued fulfilment of many other important functions of rural public spaces. The current climate change, which trees must face also plays a crucial role. Visual value and their prosperity are a reference to the functioning and use of space in these areas. The aim of the paper is to evaluate woody plants species in selected model areas, which represent park groupings located within Slovak lowlands. The premises represent highly frequented places in the central spaces of the countryside with various connections to the surrounding functional areas. The evaluation of woody plants was carried out at the level of the fourteen analysed aspects and values against the selected monitored functions. Their performance was reflected in the three qualitative categories of performance in which they were evaluated. The paper outlines the quality of woody plants in the evaluated areas and contributes to their objectification in the assessment.
Example of the use of public recreational activities to make visible the contribution of foresters in solving of flood control
Matúš Jakubis, Mariana Jakubisová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0124
The article deals with an example of the use of the public recreational activities to make visible the contribution of foresters in solving of flood and erosion control of the landscape. On the example of historical stone dam on Račková torrent in Račková valley in the Western Tatras (Tatra National Park), is explained the importance of significant foresters activity - torrent control. Torrent control Račková, which also includes a stone dam, was designed by foresters in the years 1930-1940, has been fulfilling its flood and erosion control function for 80 years. Based on historical data and field measurements, we designed an information panel in the immediate vicinity of the often visited tourist and recreational sidewalk in Račková dolina. The panel emphasizes the important contribution of foresters in flood and erosion protection of the landscape. It also explains the history, significance and function of the existing historic stone dam, its technical and hydraulic parameters, ecological and environmental aspects etc.
Exploration of the recreational potential of the natural monument Sixova stráň on the surrounding epigeon
Ivan Iľko, Viera Peterková, Ľubica Račeková, Marcel Raček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0129
During seven months in 2020, we studied the epigeic component of arthropods in the Sixova stráň Nature Monument, Krupina District (Slovakia). The aim of this work was to determine the influence of recreational and tourist potential of the Sixova stráň Nature Monument on the epigeon. We used baited ground traps to collect epigeic material, and the study area consisted of three sites (andesite (A), marsh (M) and forest (L)); we distributed 15 change traps with 24-h exposure. We obtained 1,233 epigeon representatives. Site A showed the highest variability in the number of species. Plot L had the highest number of individuals (483) followed by plot A (347) and plot M (303) contained the fewest individuals. We found a statistically significant difference in the abundance of beetle species detected, between sites A and L (p ≤ 0.01) and between sites A and M (p ≤ 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between sites M and L. Species identity of beetles according to Jaccard was 30% between sites A and M, 23.8% between sites A and L, and 25.9% between sites M and L. We did not confirm an effect of recreational and tourist potential on epigeon in that site.
Factors affecting geosite visits by students of primary and secondary schools: an example of the city Vranov nad Topľou (Slovakia)
Andrea Vravcová, Ľubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák, Alexander Černega
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0133
This research investigates the factors affecting students of primary and secondary schools in a geotourism context. Information for research has been identified by questionnaire. Visiting the geosites is most frequently related to nature-based tourism which may be considered one of the most widespread interest activities of outdoor recreation. This study provides an initial investigation into the motivation factors of students and the relationship between these motivations, factors and the behavioral intention of the students to visit a geosite. Knowledge of these factors can significantly affect effective management and planning within the development of geotourism and related tourism forms at various locations as well as geoeducation at schools.
Factors of the urban space supporting recreation and their influence on the environment
Daniel Kliment, Sofie Pokorná, Monika Doležalová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0137
The paper focuses on the investigation of the dependence of specific elements of urban space, which also support recreation, on selected environmental influences. The basic functions of urban space include not only the satisfaction of physiological needs, but also psychological needs. Urban space is usually closely related to urban planning, which includes parts of the landscape to which the settlement pattern is related. For the purpose of this research, public green spaces and water areas were chosen as the monitored elements in urban space. The database included 518 points in which the above dependency was investigated. The points represented physical locations on the map, which were located in the city centre of Brno and the adjacent urban districts. The dependence under consideration is detected using a non-parametric test that allows comparing two groups or conditions without assuming that the data are normally distributed. The results of the research defining the examined dependencies can help those involved in urban planning to understand more about the importance of public green spaces and water areas so that their recreational potential can be exploited at the same time.
Forest engineering versus heritage conservation
Karel Sklenář
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0142
The paper deals with the following and often ignored topic: the conservation of evidence of human settlements in the forests, which is threatened by the rising of forest engineering activities. In our paper, we analyse contemporary legislative means of heritage conservation, and we try to apply these means in a case of an archaeological locality in a forest environment. Our model case is an abandoned medieval village in the area of Drahanská Highlans (Czech Republic). We intend to present how the object is registered in an information system of heritage conservation institutions, and we try to suggest some instructions on how to proceed in potential industrial activities to this object’s owner. Finally, we mention the classification issue of non-archaeological forest objects’ heritage values (i.e., a coppice’s).
Forest Visitors DATA Before and During COVID-9 Lockdown Crisis: Forest Recreational Services in the Face of COVID-9 Pandemic Stress
Dastan Bamwesigye, Jitka Fialová, Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0147
COVID-19 has overtaken human freedom of movement and association. Moreover, the infection has claimed numerous lives of more than a million people by the middle of 2021. Given the numerous forest ecosystems services and benefits to humans and biodiversity, urban forests and parks provide a significant part by offering urban dwellers recreational and leisure space, mental health relief, and meditation. Consequently, this data aims to give a clear state of forest visits to a forest near Brno City before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical experts, leaders, and policymakers could use this data to make better decisions regarding lockdown rules, recreational services during the lockdown, and epidemiological situations. Moreover, this data will help other researchers on health and welfare issues concerning forest and urban nature visits and other recreation services. Using TRAFx Infrared Trail Counter, we counted visitors in the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny in the outskirts of Brno City in the Czech Republic. Data (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8NAKW) has been prepared and presented herein for further use.
Greenery as a matter of security for citizens involved in digital crime mapping by the use of GIS-based tool in Poland
Kinga Kimic, Paulina Polko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0152
National Map of Security Threats (NMST), implemented in Poland in 2016, is a GIS-based tool for digital crime and threat mapping involving citizens in shaping local security by reporting neighborhood hazards. Among 26 categories of threats possible to report, 5 are directly related to greenery. The study aimed to identify the advantages and disadvantages of this tool related to data collection and its practical use as a source supporting security in the category of greenery. The advantages of the NMST include modern (online) and an anonymous way of reporting dangers by respondents as part of joint involvement in shaping local safety, etc. The disadvantages include limited data and restricted access, resulting in difficulty in analyzing the detailed information and no possibility of comparative analysis due to limited data storage time. Due to the predominance of limitations, this tool should be developed in the direction of tracking long-term trends by access to older data, the possibility of assessing the effectiveness of actions taken against threats, the opportunity of reporting threats also out of the current list to increase the social usefulness of the NMST related to access and usage of urban green areas.
Hands on the Local Green: Community-Based Projects of Green Space Co-Design in Slovakia
Katarína Slobodníková, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0157
In recent years, we have experienced an increase in volunteering actions in Slovakia, accompanied by investments into climate change mitigation measures. Green spaces provide the public with the opportunity to take on an active role in the climate action as one of the UN sustainable development goals. However, unprofessional interventions often have negative consequences, for instance we can observe how trees that were planted in good will by enthusiastic residents during Socialism, need to be felled these days, because they were planted too close to the building facades. Therefore, it is very important that enthusiastic activism has professional support and/or leadership. Recently, there have been several voluntary actions coordinated by landscape architects or other professionals. In this paper we will present these good practices by the example of three selected initiatives - 1) Park rodín Tvrdošovce (Park of Families, ViZia civic assoc.); 2) Zelený plán Galanta (Green Plan, civic association), and 3) Strom darom Nové Zámky (Tree as a Gift, ETC, civic assoc.). The study will provide a comparative analysis and evaluation of these three voluntary actions, with a particular focus on their commonalities and differences, in the context of citizen engagement, co-design and shared residential active recreation experience.
Historical evidence of human economic activities in the forests of the Drahanská vrchovina Highland and their reflection in arts
Michal Friedl
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0162
Some preserved pieces of evidence of historical human economic activities are presented in three forest localities of the Drahanská vrchovina Highland (Czech Republic), which represent different environmental sites. These activities include coppicing, lime industry, metallurgy, charcoal burning and transport of materials and goods. We demonstrate the proofs of evidence by tangible and intangible cultural heritage objects, especially fine arts, belles-lettres, and legends. Primarily those that are closely related to the area of interest can be used in the interpretation of local heritage, thereby increasing attractiveness for tourists. Thus, the preserved pieces of evidence of historical human activities in the forests become not only a historical but also a cultural monument heritage that deserves adequate care and conservation.
How can biochar protect agricultural land from drought caused by climate change?
Justína Vitková, Peter Šurda, Natália Botková, Lucia Toková, Peter Rončák, Lenka Botyanszká, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0166
Due to climate change pursue, the necessity of building resilient farms becomes even more apparent. Farmers are more often dealing with intensive rainfall, floods and droughts. Many innovative soil water conservation methods have emerged and are being practiced all over the globe — some have been practiced for centuries and others are much newer. Most of these methods provide additional benefits as well, including soil conservation and improvement, enhanced biodiversity, and increased yields. Biochar is one of the materials to improve soil retention properties, water retention in land and landscape protection. The results of our research confirmed increased available soil water content in silt loam soil after biochar application.
Hypothetical Willingness to Pay for Energy Alternatives in Uganda: Market Incentives and Policy Tools Towards Zero Deforestation and Climate Change
Dastan Bamwesigye
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0171
At the height of climate change, the world target of zero deforestation by 2030 seems like a dream in Africa's developing nations, where over 90% of household energy needs depend on wood fuels and charcoal. This is followed by time series increasing demand for round wood. This study conducts a Willingness to Pay for Energy Alternatives (WTPEA) in Uganda, where the populations depend on wood for almost all the energy needs at the household level. This research used a questionnaire to collect and analyze data collected between 2018 and 2019. A total of 1200 responses were collected, coded, and analyzed. The average willingness to pay an amount (WTPA) was 15 USD and the median 10 USD. Most of the respondents were observed to prefer gas and electricity for household cooking. Following a logistic regression, it was found that the socioeconomic characteristic did not impact the Willingness to Pay for Energy Alternatives (WTPEA). However, sex and age were found to have a very weak impact on the WTPEA. The respondents' Willingness to Pay for Forest Conservation (WTPFC) [0.0011] and Knowledge of Forest Functions and services (KFF) [0.0001] were found to have a positive and significant impact on the WTPEA. Ceteris paribus, the Government of Uganda, ought to employ policy tools to boost energy alternatives imports and production in Uganda. This would promote and improve the conservation of virgin Tropical rain forests.
Identification and drone aerial photography of selected historic irrigation structures in the Czech Republic
Petr Karásek, Igor Pelíšek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0177
Since the 19th century, the irrigation industry in Bohemia and Moravia has undergone considerable technological development and an increase in irrigated areas. Irrigation has become an important part of the Czech cultural landscape. In the 1990s, however, there was a considerable decline. Complex irrigation systems and buildings have ceased to be used in many cases. They were often destroyed, devastated, left without maintenance. In connection with climate change, drought and uneven distribution of precipitation during the growing season, the issue of irrigation is currently gaining prominence again. In this study, selected historic irrigation structures were documented using a drone - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The aim was to analyze the current state of these buildings in the irrigation industry and to show the true story of these buildings and constructions. These often forgotten buildings and infrastructures with cultural and historical value can be one of the interesting tourist destinations.
Impact of climate change on recreational urban forests
Petr Pelikán, Jana Marková, Jitka Fialová, Martina Brychtová, Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0182
The paper presents the results of a case study that was developed as a basis for decision-making processes in the context of the impacts of global climate change. It deals with a very important part of the urban environment, namely urban forests, which on the one hand are one of the main objects to mitigate the impacts of climate change (in the landscape and urban space), but are themselves at risk from the impacts of climate change in the first place. When planning measures in suburban forests, these two facts must always be addressed in parallel, so it is necessary to consider both measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on the forest complex and its use to mitigate the effects of climate change in its vicinity. The case study is addressed on the territory of the town of Mladá Boleslav. In addition, the forest park in question is the most important natural object in the municipality's intravilan in terms of its size and functions.
Implementing a Landscape Information Modelling (LIM) toolfor planning leisure facilities and landscape protection
Cosimo Alessandro Picuno, Zoe Godosi, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0186
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is growing in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. With the new strategy to mandate BIM, there is a need to identify its importance in architectural landscape design. It has the potential to challenge some of the limitations of designing, constructing and managing the built environment. Using BIM tools and applications, landscape analysis can be explored, developed and documented for design, planning and organization as well. This application, known as Landscape Information Modelling (LIM), may store object information such as: irrigation pipelines; areas allocated to specific plants; list of different plants involved in landscape projects; etc. Annotations used in landscape drawings would be accompanied by information attached to it. In this paper, a first application of LIM aimed to landscape protection has been implemented, so as to help in planning leisure facilities. Indeed, with many details involved, it can also be used to store data for landscape architects, who would easily develop and organize detailed information. Hence, with the ability for simulation and visualization, they should be able to produce detailed plans, walk-through animations and renderings for presentation, while exploring the scope and nature of work and making informed decision at early design stages.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Stakeholders in Tumalintinan Point Marine Protected Sanctuary
Julius T. Vergara, Anna Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0191
The study was conducted to determine the Knowledge and Attitude of the stakeholders of Tumalintinan Point, San Lorenzo. It aimed to (1) To determine the profile of the stakeholders of the marine protected sanctuary; (2) evaluate the prevailing knowledge, attitude, and practices of stakeholders relative to the specific coastal and marine ecosystem. Whereas most of the respondents were knowledgeable that coral reef and seagrass affects fish productivity, whereas the mangrove forests and mudflats affect the source of food of various wildlife species. Additionally, they are also knowledgeable about ocean/marine pollution, climate change, biodiversity, and people's contribution to climate change. The result of the survey indicates that respondents living in the specific MPA vicinity were knowledgeable on the different environmental and resource issues. The respondents who participated in the survey have a positive attitude outlook towards their support on marine protected areas established in their locality or area of residency. On the practices on the marine protected area, respondents merely use tin cans, plastic straws, plastic bottles, and other plastic materials, directly harvesting fish for family sustenance, joining tree planting, and taking photos of natural scenery. Furthermore, they never throw garbage anywhere, but some of them are involved in cutting mangroves for charcoal production.
Landscape photography in the research of landscape change
Hana Skokanová, Petr Halas, Tomáš Koutecký, Eva Kallabová, Marek Havlíček, Tomáš Slach
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0198
The paper presents partial results of “entering” landscape photography, which can be considered as a complementary method for the research of landscape changes. Unlike the usual assessment of landscape changes using cartographic and other archival sources, old landscape photographs can contribute to the deeper knowledge of the local specifics of the examined places or supplement the conventional procedures. Thanks to the ongoing project, supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TL02000222), we documented changes in photographic shots of various landscapes in the 20th century. We also added information about environment, vegetation, and geography and photo documentation of the details of the researched shot. This creates a comprehensive output for each old landscape photograph. Such processed photographs have been presented at exhibitions in museums and galleries. Furthermore, they will be available to municipalities and public at a web page created as a tool to support public recreation. Here we present some examples from the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. They show four types of landscape changes: 1) afforestation and overgrowth by woody vegetation, 2) changes in the agricultural landscape, 3) loss of the grazing landscape, and 4) changes related to watercourses.
Modeling Drivers of Deforestation in Uganda Using Regression Analysis: Efforts Towards Zero Deforestation by 2030
Dastan Bamwesigye, Evans Yeboah
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0204
Uganda, located in the Tropical region of Africa, is blessed with natural forests that serve enormous environmental ecosystems and biodiversity. Moreover, the country is known for its tropical rain forests and various hardwood, birds, and animal species. Over the years, the Trend in the natural forest land has declined at an alarming rate; hence need to investigate the possible drivers. The loss of such biodiversity and ecosystems risks desertification and extreme climatic condition. As the world moves towards Zero Deforestation 2030, understanding the determinants of deforestation and forest degradation is paramount. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to understand the impact and relationships between net forest conversion, energy emission, agriculture, and forest production of Roundwood. We used data from FAO for the period 2004-2016. Using the ADF and KPSS test, we checked for the unit root presence in the variables. Also, the study used two different regression models; ordinary multiple linear and dynamic linear regressions. The results showed that there were unit roots in the selected regressors. To analyze the determinants of deforestation, we used net forest conversion in Uganda. There was 94 % variation in the dependent variable (Net Forest conversion). The outcome of the dynamic linear regression showed that agriculture and energy emission positively impact net forest conversion, whereas forest production of Roundwood has a negative effect. Based on our findings, this study recommended the modernization of agriculture by the government of Uganda to stop cutting down the forests on a big scale. Also, the study suggested that, as Roundwood production has a negative impact on net forest conversion, there is a need for the government to strictly legislate to ensure effective and efficient management and production of Roundwood products towards total forest conservation by 2030.
Modification of beach shores - stabilization of the Hulín area
Miloslav Šlezingr, Dana Košťálová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0210
The grassland of a stream bank slope reinforces soil surface and, to a great extent, prevents the occurrence and development of erosion. When proposing suitable grass mixtures, we work on recommendations (Marhoun 1991, Šlezingr, 2005). This will be the subject of a contribution.
Monumental trees as a new phenomenon of recreational landscape utilization
Martin Šrámek, Martin Šenfeldr, Boleslav Jelínek, Tomáš Koutecký, Luboš Úradníček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0212
The contribution presents results of terrain mapping of monumental trees in the area of floodplain forests along the confluence of Thaya and Morava rivers in the Czech Republic. The study region is located within the Lower Morava Biosphere Reserve and is part of NATURA 2000. Therefore, this region represents an important object from the viewpoint of recreational landscape utilization, where monumental trees, so-called veterans, can increase the tourist potential of this region, especially in the context of the overall decline of monumental trees in the European landscape. Currently, the monumental trees are disappearing mainly due to ongoing climate change, changes in groundwater levels as well as fungal diseases.
Based on terrain mapping, a total of 648 trees were recorded in the categories: A) veterans - trees with largest dimensions in the region, B) candidates - trees with the potential to grow to veteran dimensions, and C) fallen trees or torsos. The following parameters were identified: GPS position, stem girth, tree height, crown diameter and health status. We recorded 245 veterans and 80 candidates for different tree species. Of this number, 69 trees grew as solitaires, i.e. the trees most attractive to the public using the area for recreation. This data can serve as a source of information for forestry management, nature conservation and recreational landscape use.
Natural potential of Kvemo Kartli Region in south-eastern Georgia
Peter Rončák, Justína Vitková, Peter Šurda
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0218
Georgia, despite its relatively small territory, has a large number of valuable natural resources. Kvemo Kartli is a region distinguished by the indigenous natural wealth and beauty of Georgia. The province of Kvemo Kartli consists of six rayons or districts. This paper was focused on Bolnisi rayon.
In this article, we also focused on the impact of climate change and land use change on natural potential in Kvemo Kartli Region. For the purposes of this task, a land use scenario was created on the basis of the delimitation criteria, where the extreme land use changes were made. As a result, approximately 90% of the deciduous trees were removed from this scenario and replaced by short grass. The use of water on forested land is generally greater than that of other land-use types, which leads to reduced flows from river basins. Although forests have obvious effects on flood events for small-scale catchments, the effects of forests on floods are likely to be minimal for large-scale catchments. Climate change and land use change will not significantly affect natural potential.
Nature protection in education at Slovak schools
Mária Hlinková, Rastislav Fijko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0222
Awarness of nature protection is an important issue in education. Environmental studies should be understood in the Slovak school system as a cross-cutting theme. Due to the fact that the separate subject of environmental education is not taught, it is necessary to introduce the current topic to students in a different way. A new educational program is coming under the auspices of UNESCO. EkoOlympiad is a knowledge game that offers topics related to climate change, nature protection, recreation and the environment. The game is intendet for 2nd grade primary school students and all secondary school students. The competition takes place in four environmental themes – water, climate change, waste and biodiversity. More than 6 109 students took part in the EkoOlympiad. In the preparatory phase, students had the opportunity to train one topic separately each week for four weeks. One competition topic was gradually unlocked each week of the month. The preparatory phase contained only a few questions, which were later published in the regular competition rounds.
New possibilities of incorporating the Hranice Abyss into hiker routes
Milan Geršl, Hana Vavrouchová, Petra Oppeltová, Ondřej Ulrich, Vítězslav Vlček, Jana Šimečková, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0225
The Hranice Karst is an exceptional karstic area in the Czech Republic and Europe due to its hydrothermal genesis. In 2016, the Hranice Abyss was declared the world’s deepest flooded abyss. Our study aims to propose appropriate measures that enable, once implemented, hikers and experts to benefit from visiting the territory while avoiding excessive damage to the natural world. Only the dry part of this deepest flooded abyss globally is visible to the average tourist. With its depth of 69.5 m and the fact that it is also hidden in the forest, the ordinary tourist misses other spatial contexts. Our proposed solution is constructing a lookout tower that would allow the hiker a view into the mouth of the abyss while staying safe and secure. Additional advantage involves the possibility of viewing the slopes of the Bohemian Massif (approx. 8–20 km away in northern direction) and the Beskydy Mountains that geologically belong to the Western Carpathians (the distance of approx. 20–40 km in N-E direction). This would provide a clear overview while giving realistic ideas about the geological and geomorphological forms of what is a region extending along the border of two geological units of European importance. For speleological research it is necessary to provide the descent down the slope of the abyss to the lake. The proposed option is the installation of via ferrata type belay at natural rock steps and the mounting of a metal staircase.
Possibilities of Unused Rural Agricultural Land Renewal Using Strategies of Contemporary Eco-Socialism
Miroslav Čibik, Gabriel Kuczman, Denis Bechera
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0229
In response to the ever-growing need for community life caused by the current anti-social environment, we are increasingly confronted with different concepts and scenarios for open spaces conversions into more sustainable multifunctional areas for all. The presented paper explores the possibilities of restoring arable land located in the eastern part of the municipality Preseľany (Slovakia). The article focuses on the potential use of the space while supporting agriculture and community leisure activities, based on a compromise between contemporary human needs, in the form of high-quality public space, the values of original landscape and the local landscape character. The paper further discusses the challenges of the current food system and green socialism (also known as Eco-socialism), examines various forms of urban edible landscapes, and then comes up with alternative solutions for the site while using the analysed aspects. Considering the size, diversity and different functional content of the researched areas, the proposed interventions focus on a wide variability of possibilities. Research in its final stages outlines how to unify them visually and functionally regarding the fact that the level of comfort in public spaces is assessed based on a physical and social aspects combination. The result is the area zoning into functional units that are interconnected and open to the immediate surroundings within a pleasant walking distance.
Possibilities of water retention solutions in suburbanized and agricultural landscape
Jiří Brychta, Martina Brychtová, Jana Podhrázská, Pavel Raška, Martin Dolejš, Petr Švehlík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0233
The most effective adaptation measure is a suitably designed complex land consolidation (CLC) and the realization of the plan of joint facilities (PJF). However, the only problem is the local effect and duration of the whole process. On average, 151 CLC processes are completed per year, which therefore represents the affected area de facto 151 cadastral areas. The total number of cadastral areas in the Czech Republic (CR) is 13072. However, the CLC process does not mean that designed adaptation measures has been realized. According to the Superme audit office's data (SAO), only 8.7% of the proposed adaptation measures were realized until 2015. It is therefore necessary to look for a faster strategy for adapting to current climate change. This paper addresses the possibilities of placing low-cost retention elements in the landscape, which can be quickly implemented in various variants in small and medium-sized areas on land owned by municipalities. A frequent case of these plots are plowed field roads within large blocks of land. These measures must therefore be adapted in size to the available area within these plots. The network of elements created in this way brings, in addition to increasing the retention, evapotranspiration and erosion protection of the area, also other benefits within the framework of territorial system of ecological stability, landscape character, making the landscape accessible through roads and line water retention elements that also provide cultural intangible services in the sense of increasing the recreational potential of the locality.
Potential of water management facilities in the Hodonín district for tourism
Marek Havlíček, Josef Svoboda
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0238
In the past, water management facilities were of fundamental importance in the development of industry, transport, and agriculture. Since 1990, there has started a trend to use them in the development of travel and tourism. This survey used old topographic maps from the years 1763-1768, 1836-1852, 1953-1956, current maps and additional database resources from the site www.vodnimlyny.cz. Based on the survey, there were found more than 200 water management facilities in the district of Hodonín in the period from the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century. Water mills and pole wells were the most represented, which indicates the predominant agricultural production with a long tradition in this area. There were also registered numerous ponds for fish production here. In the first half of the 20th century, construction of the Baťa canal facilitated the transport of coal to industrial plants. This waterway nowadays serves as a tourist attraction number one with the possibility of sightseeing cruises and boat rentals. Another example of the use of the potential of the original WMF is the reconstruction of old watermills to expand the offer of accommodation. An original old watermill and sawmill can be seen in the Strážnice Museum of the Villages of South-east Moravia. However, there are further possibilities how to use historical potential of ex WMF in the district of Hodonín, e.g., a placement of new tourist information boards in the vicinity of tourist routes or a building of new nature trails in places with higher concentration of WMF objects.
Principles and procedures of the archaeological exploration of charcoal platforms
Jakub Novák, Pavel Šlézar
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0243
Charcoal platforms are landforms that refer to the historical burning of charcoal in the charcoal kilns. Nowadays, it is possible to encounter these objects especially in forested environments, where they can be damaged not only by natural influences, but also by human activity and forest management. An archaeological field prospection was carried out in three selected areas of the Drahany Highlands (Czech Republic), which aimed to identify and document the relics of production platforms in the field and subsequently carry out archaeological field excavation of six selected objects. The aim of this paper is primarily to describe the archaeological principles and procedures of the actual excavation of the charcoal platforms. Not only the main methodological steps of excavation and documentation will be presented, but also the complete legislative framework of archaeological management. Emphasis is also placed on the issue of determining the cultural and historical value of chracoal platforms, their place in the issue of monument protection and nature and landscape protection as such.
Prioritization of nature conservation and anthropogenic activities: case of Šumava NP
Tomáš Janík, Dušan Romportl
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0248
Sustainable development deals with environmental, societal and economic pillar. Regarding the spatial nature conservation within Central Europe, the environmental pillar has been threatened. Long lasting human pressure on landscape has created cultural landscape with only small fragments of close-to-nature habitats. Šumava National Park plays exceptional role, it is one of the largest protected and forested areas in the region. However, Šumava National Park administration has gone through various periods with different outcomes for its protection. Therefore, we applied prioritization concept to evaluate management of National Park and its zonation. We based it on objective data and statistical approaches. Our results were compared with data of anthropogenic structures and activities as built-up, recreational and developable areas. Somewhere, as we show in the article, problems between conservation priorities and human use of the area arises. By these analyses we stress the problem of sustainability in the most valuable protected natural areas of Central Europe, where also societal and economic interests are eminent.
Problems and threats related to the recreational use of natural protection areas in cities
Edyta Rosłon-Szeryńska, Mateusz Korbik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0252
The development of cities and suburbanization causes absorption of natural habitats ( protectected and not by low), antropopressure. Despite the EU's biodiversity policy, municipalities are under pressure to make these areas available for tourism and leisure.
According to Cieszewska [2008], areas with significant abiotic and / or biotic values are naturally valuable. These areas are characterized by high biodiversity, therefore they are subject to legal protection under the Act of April 16, 2004 on nature protection (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 55, i.e.) in local and supra-local form.
The aim of the paper is: 1) presentation of problems and threats related to the use of naturally valuable areas, 2) an indication of ways to prevent or limit their degradation. The research area concerns the province Mazovia, the oxbow lake of the Vistula river in the commune of Łomianki.
Despite the implementation of plans / programs for the protection and management of green resources, the areas of nature protection and naturally valuable areas are still exposed to strong anthropopressure.
Research shows that local areas of environment protection should be considered as a functional areas. The tasks of active protection of ecosystems should also be defined in the form of specific solutions for the management and sharing of them. Also, the valuation of ecosystem services in spatial planning will be important.
Public recreation is an environmental aspect affecting not only the environment
David Brandejs, Martina Vařechová, Pavel Klika, Vítězslava Hlavinková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0259
Optimal recreation should lead to the regeneration of the organism, which is conditioned by a retreat from everyday worries and work responsibilities. The most efficient and reliable way is to travel to places that are almost the opposite of everyday life. The diversity of requirements of individuals who are tired of physical or mental work logically implies the diversity of recreational areas. There are a large number of cultural and natural monuments, mountain resorts, spas and water areas. However, the increased concentration of tourists in these localities may be ambivalent.
A positive economic effect can be the reduction of unemployment and the development of local business in tourist attractions. These aspects lead to longer-term regional stability. The negative impact is mainly environmental pollution by carbon dioxide emissions. In some cases, there is also unwanted noise pollution, light smog and changes in local hydrogeology associated with unplanned development.
With the growing popularity of travel, the demands on the quality and quantity of not only holiday accommodation are growing, which has led to a sharp rise in property prices in this segment. The study maps how the environmental aspect of the attractiveness of a holiday or tourist destination affects the value of residential real estate.
Quantitative visitor monitoring results application
Ondřej Vítek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0264
The Czech Nature Conservation Agency collects visitor-monitoring data through automated counters since 2009. Contracting as well as data management have been centralised, harmonised, and made available for all employees as well as for partners. The profiles in protected areas are of various character, from roads to tiny paths with restricted access, from vehicles through cyclists to walkers and canoes.
Visitor monitoring data is valued source of information. Accurate data is utilised as an undisputable argument. Long-term profiles show overall trends in tourism and can detect changes e.g. during Covid-19 pandemic as well as before and after a lookout tower construction. Counters on paths with restricted access can help to evaluate effects of various measures. Oscillations within an average day, week as well as year can help planning visitor centre operating hours, ranger service, and construction works. Total and maximum numbers on trails help define necessary parameters of visitor infrastructure. Real numbers of vehicle traffic can evaluate the policy of issuing vehicle entry permits. Damages on nature can be compared with counter data to determine if visits are the cause.
Re-Designing a Rural Park Square and Churchyard in Poľný Kesov, Slovakia
Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0268
The Rural Green Space Design Studio is a subject in the master cycle in the Landscape Architecture study programme that focuses on the renewal and/or re-design of open spaces in rural settlements. The subject applies project-based learning and since rural landscapes belong to our main research domains at the Institute of Landscape Architecture, it also applies research-led teaching and research through design teaching. In recent years, this design studio has always been taught on direct assignments by rural municipalities, which has led to good and mutually enriching cooperation and exchange between the university and local governments. The task in 2020/2021 was to develop a design concept on the main square of the municipality of Poľný Kesov located in south-western Slovakia and the churchyard, which is in close vicinity to the square. Both, the square and the churchyard consist mainly of open green spaces, which were missing a general design concept. Within the design studio, we mapped, analysed, and evaluated the current situation of these central open spaces and developed three different design solutions, which are presented and interpreted in more detail in this paper.
Recreation and Black Grouse in the Giant Mountains - with love for nature to the extinction of the iconic species
Dušan Romportl, Vladimír Zýka, Jiří Flousek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0273
The paper presents a study on the evaluation of a potentially suitable habitat for Black Grouse in the Giant Mountains. The modelling of suitable habitat using the traditional MAXENT method was extended by a detailed assessment of the impact of intensive recreation on the level of fragmentation of suitable habitat. The results showed that the degree of isolation of individual populations due to intensive recreational impact within the area leads to gradual extinction of particular subpopulations. Therefore, a much stricter form of visitor regulation in the region is urgently needed to save these populations from extincion.
Recreational potential of common facilities in land consolidation
Jana Podhrázská, Michal Pochop, Jan Szturc, Josef Kučera, Jana Konečná
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0277
As part of land consolidation, "common facilities" are designed and implemented, in this context are proposed measures to protect soil and water, to improve the ecological stability of the landscape and field roads that increase the permeability of area. Land consolidations are increasingly focused not only on the rational use of the land fund, but mainly on proposals for multifunctional measures, ensuring consistency between farmers, residents and visitors in the area. To popularize the hard work of designers, land offices and construction contractors, a competition for the best common facility called Living the Landscape is held every year. Through it, the implemented measures are evaluated and their polyfunctionality and contribution to the improvement of the landscape are appreciated. Just in the year 2020, 271 buildings were built as part of land consolidation, of which ecological (greenery) in the number of 33, water management in the number of 62, anti-erosion in the number of 18 and the most represented were field roads by the number of 158. The aim of the paper is to present several common facilities appreciated in previous years of competition, their purpose and importance for increasing the recreational potential of the area and its attractiveness.
Reducing the visual impact of plasticulture on rural landscapes by a sustainable management of agricultural plastics
Giuseppe Cillis, Dina Statuto, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0283
The use of plastics in agriculture represents one of the main factors having a major impact on the environmental sustainability of the agricultural sector. The effectiveness, economy and versatility of using different plastic polymers has made these products widespread in highly profitable agricultural activities (orchards and horticulture). However, their incorrect management can determine serious environmental impacts, mainly connected to large quantities of post-consume plastic waste. Another problem is linked to the visual impact that these large clusters can have on the surrounding rural landscape. Indeed, the aesthetic quality of these territories may be reduced, with negative impacts on the surrounding areas - often characterized by a fragile environment and a marked tourist vocation - whose perception is difficult to quantify and evaluate. In this paper, a GIS-based methodology has been implemented, to perform a visual impact assessment, by applying it to the case study of the agri-food district of “Metapontino” (Basilicata Region - Southern Italy). GIS tools, besides allowing complex spatial analysis, revealed as a planning instrument that can be used by public authority also to activate suitable strategies for mitigating the visual impact of plastics on rural landscape, so as to contribute to reducing the plastic footprint of agriculture.
Regular eco-monitoring of newly opened sandpits – required by nature protection and welcomed by nature
Petr Kupec, Anna Petrová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0288
The article presents the results of the case study which has been conducted in the area of the newly opened sandpit Spytihněv, lokalita Jih, operated by Cemex, a.s. The study has been focused on regular eco-monitoring of defined animal species and their sites with the basic aim of their protection and un-influencing by the sand mining respectively. The eco-monitoring was primarily required by the territorial nature protection authority and conditioned the opening of the sandpit and one of its aims is the potential future recreational purpose of the locality too. On the site of the miner, the eco-monitoring was understood as a tool potentially supporting nature by the sandpit in general. There are a methodology and the results obtained from the first year of monitoring presented within the article. Even though at the time of sandpit opening, there had been no reference to the appearance of target species directly at the locality, in connection with some specific mining works some of them began to be observed at the locality.
Restoration of small river to increase the recreational and tourist potential of rural area
Andrej Škrinár, Michaela Danáčová, Roman Výleta
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0292
The study is focused on increasing the recreational and tourist potential of the rural part of the western Slovak village Vrbovce. The Teplica River, flowing through the village, has been inappropriately regulated neglecting the river ecosystem and currently provides very few opportunities for recreational use. The study was also initiated by the efforts to improve the ecological condition of the river by implementing restoration measures including the use of the stream potential for the aesthetic creation of public space.
The proposal for a scenario is described to achieve a highly positive effect with relatively low financial resources. In this locality, there is an old unused millrace, which is in very poor condition and full of waste material. Its restoration and connection to the regulated main riverbed will create a side arm and a valuable variable microhabitat will be obtained in the aquatic environment as a counterweight to the monotonous regulated reach. The re-connection of the millrace will provide an important microhabitat for the biota, especially in the summer period of minimum flows. This measure together with the revitalisation and replenishment of the existing greenery and the design of the nature trail will significantly increase the attractiveness of the area for recreation and tourism development.
Scenarios for Open Space Conversion from an Exhibition Ground to a Sustainable Multifunctional Urban Park
Miroslav Čibik, Mária Bihuňová, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0297
It is not usual that in a strictly urbanised environment in the immediate vicinity of a regional capital centre, a large number of open spaces with a huge potential for future recreational use are concentrated in one place. The largest Slovak exhibition centre Agrokomplex, which at national level ranks among the most important trade fair and exhibition companies, has a long tradition in organising various events. Unfortunately, the current state does not meet the requirements of existing or potential users. Over time, its primary function has slowly faded, which has left behind spaces available for change. The article focuses on the potential use of the area in changing conditions through the perspective of diverse ideas, scenarios and solutions developed within three design studios. Following the methodology of Research by Design (Deming & Swaffield, 2011) (van den Brink, 2017) the paper identifies the main approaches and key principles to a complex renewal of the site. All designed interventions were proposed while considering various possibilities of creating an open multifunctional part of the surrounding residential complex and adjacent locations with the predominance of recreational and leisure activities. The results provide three different design scenarios with various approaches to introducing multi-layered functions into non-functional spaces.
Significant trees with great influence for landscape utilization in Pohansko district
Petr Martinek, Jiří Rozsypálek, Alena Klimešová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0302
In Central Europe, trees are one of the basic units of the landscape structure and form an irreplaceable part of it. They also play a similar role in biodiversity maintenance. Biodiversity of an ecosystem is a very important property for both, the stability of the ecosystem and “the landscape utilization”. NAKI II project (2018–2022; FFWT MENDELU) is focused on the evaluation of woody plants' importance for organisms associated with woody plants biodiversity in the Pohansko district, e.g. wood fungi and saproxylic insects. This part of the Czech Republic has a crucial effect on the biodiversity of the whole central Europe region and can be very important for recreation and tourism. The negative finding of the project is the very bad health status and reduced perspective of the most biological value trees. There have not been created conservation management or arboriculture care with no stabilization or prospective improvement of trees on locality. This fact strongly threatens the further biodiversity stability of this ecosystem and also significantly reduces the possibilities of this locality used by the general public. The project can be considered as a base of arboriculture management creation on solved locality, which can also implicate further higher attractiveness of Pohansko for tourism and recreation, not only biodiversity maintaining.
Small reservoirs as elements increasing the attractiveness and attendance of the area
Jan Szturc, Jana Podhrázská, Josef Kučera, Jan Prachowski
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0306
The issue of climate change, especially drought and water scarcity, has been comprehensively addressed in recent years by several inter-ministerial strategic documents, all of which mention Land consolidation as one of the important and consiredable tools for addressing this issue.
Within the framework of land consolidation, it is possible to implement a number of measures that have a positive impact especially on the landscape structure, increase its biodiversity and aesthetics and thus also increase the attractiveness of the area for recreational and sports activities. Building local water management measures is an important part not only of drought prevention and adaptation measures, but also makes it possible to increase the functionality of the area for residents and visitors. One of the examples of building a multi-purpose reservoir is a small reservoir in the cadastre of the village Křepice (district Břeclav). It is a landscape-forming complex of measures -water reservoir with a field road, which will be used, among other things, for recreational purposes as a cycle path, then continuing to the neighbouring area. Velké Němčice. This will not only spread up the network of cycle paths and improve the permeability of the area, but also create a rest and relaxation zone near the reservoir.
Soil and water conservation measures can contribute to enhancement of landscape quality in the Litenčická Upland
Jana Konečná, Petr Karásek, Taťána Halešová, Eva Nováková, Michal Pochop
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0311
Since 2019, the quality of soil and water as two basic environment components has been monitored in the southern foothills of the Litenčická Upland. The research focuses on the transport of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pesticides in the Uhřický Pond basin. The article presents partial results of monitoring. The project aim is to create a design of comprehensive measures to reduce erosion, leaching of potentially hazardous substances, for protection of soil and water, which will also be close to nature. If implemented, the measures will contribute to increasing ecological stability and aesthetics of the landscape in this area and thus enhance its recreation attractivity.
Soil Chemistry Underpins the Legacy of Charcoal Hearths: Exploring Potential Basis for Educational Materials
Aleš Kučera, Jiří Volánek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0316
Charcoal production hearths are significant cultural landscape features and convey profound anthropogenic effects on soil properties. Whereas pyrolysis causes irreversible changes in the wood chemical structure, charcoal production residues alter underlying soil environment (stratigraphy and chemical composition). The most substantial changes consist in increased stable forms of organic carbon concentrations, which gain unique nutrient properties (nitrogen content augmentation to the detriment of metals bound in ashes and mineral soil) over centuries.
This contribution compares the elemental composition (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Fe) of relict hearth layers and their total stocks to neighbouring forest soil. The hearth soil layers were predominately C and N enriched while depleted of Ca, Mg, P and Fe. Total hearth carbon stock exceeded that of forest soil more than twice. Total sulphur content, however lower in upper soil layers, was also higher in the hearths. Hearths can be perceived as meaningful hotspots of long-term carbon storage. The heritage of charcoal production in forestry should be well communicated to public because of (1) high number and density of hearths in Central European landscape, as well as (2) their ecosystem stability protection and stable carbon sequestration potentials.
Spatial conflicts management in Hranice Karst with emphasis on nature protection and tourist management
Petra Oppeltová, Hana Vavrouchová, Jozef Sedláček, Milan Geršl, Ondřej Ulrich, Vítězslav Vlček, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0322
The Hranice Karst is a unique karst area in Europe with hydrothermal genesis, specific caves microclimate of underground spaces and mineral waters genesis. The potential of the area is highly diversified and is influenced by various interests (agriculture, surface mining, nature protection, recreation, spa and research). There are often conflicts of interest in the use of this protected area. Long-term and continuous monitoring of natural conditions in correlation with the use of the site in the wider territorial and disciplinary context is lacking for comprehensive management. The basis of the solution is a comprehensive landscape analysis with emphasis on expert identification of potential impacts on ecosystems combined with participatory methods of mapping territorial values and conflicts.
The research method of the area is based on a multidisciplinary approach. Special attention is paid to the following territorial conflicts:
1) Conflict between nature protection and agricultural management (especially in relation to contamination of surface water and groundwater, with special attention paid to subsurface water). The long-term objective in this context is to refine conservation management in the area of interest.
2) Conflict between nature protection and visitor use of the area (especially in relation to the carrying capacity of the area). The intent is to spread recreational destinations across the broader area of interest and to identify gaps in tourism infrastructure with an emphasis on the development of everyday recreation.
3) Conflict between nature protection and land development (especially in relation to surface mining, transport, construction and spas). The aim is to design a consistent development concept that takes into account the different demands of the interested groups.
Specific genius loci of abandoned settlements in Moravia and Silesia – opportunity for recreation in remote areas
Hana Vavrouchová, Veronika Peřinková, Tomáš Mašíček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0327
Within the territory of settlements physically disappeared in Moravia and Silesia after the WWII (the database of these localities you can see at zanikla-sidla.cz), can be observed significant changes in the landscape structure. These trends of changes can be divided into four basic typological groups: 1) afforestation of visually open localities (most often at higher altitudes), 2) change in the structure of the agricultural land with a simultaneous increase in woody vegetation (most often at lower altitudes); 3) preservation of historical landscape structures (rather rare state); and 4) irreversible land use change (usually connected with the mining or water reservoir constructions). Each of these landscape types offers significant potential for tourism development. This potential is supported by specific elements (most often buildings or theirs ruins) resembling the previous presence of people, and completing the genius loci of the area. The significant objects connected with abandoned settlement are churches, chapels, small sacral buildings and cemeteries. These constructions are preserved within several localities without the regional differences but in the Bruntál region (50° N., 17°24′ E) they are more frequent. Efforts to restore these buildings are evident across the localities, and many of this objects fulfill their primary function. Other elements connected with previous human presence are also represented on abandoned settlements´ localities, such as stone paths, bridges and very distinctive landscape elements – stone walls.
Sustainability Criteria for MTB Trail Projects
Hana Hermová, Tomáš Kvasnička
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0332
MTB trail projects are often described with the term "sustainability". Unfortunately the use is often unjustifiable. This is most likely caused by misunderstanding the meaning of the concept of sustainability. In our paper, we explain how conservatively designed MTB trail projects differ from those which approach on the bases of current trendy influences that are often interpreted superficially. We also explain why we recommend caution towards such trendy projects. The explanation goes by introducing criteria of the sustainable trails and the three most important trail-planning rules of the established best-practice. From our many years of experience in trail planning and design, we propose several rule of thumb indicators by which to easily assess mountain biking trail projects on the basis of their sustainability.
Sustainable tourism in White Carpathians Protected Landscape Area
Lucia Škvareninová, Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0336
Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Biele Karpaty The White Carpathians offer great natural potential which attract many domestic and foreign tourists. This region can become a valuable asset for sustainable tourism development. The purpose of the paper is to identify the types of sustainable tourism that can be carried out in the PLA. We will also define existing prevention and protection measures that reduce the risk of biodiversity degradation in the White Carpathians.
Svitava River in Brno - Evaluation of Recreational Potential
Kateřina Sedláčková, Lenka Ševelová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0340
The article focuses on the Svitava River in Brno. The historical development of the floodplain is outlined. The article summarizes the changes around the river in the city cadastral area and their impact on recreation. The changes are evaluated for the last ten years. The flow is divided into 7 parts according to city districts, through which the river flows. In each of these parts, an evaluation of the recreational potential is realized according to the methodology by Jan Bína,2002. The article also includes the processing of planned changes in the river floodplain, including regional and flood protection plans.
Technical elements in suburban forests used for recreation
Pavla Kotásková, Jitka Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0343
The aim of the paper is to present the possibilities of improving the recreational function of certain localities by designing suitable equipment and technical elements. On the one hand, the public can enjoy spending their free time in nature by locating certain facilities and designing routes. On the other hand, it is necessary to regulate the movement of visitors to avoid collisions with forestry or collisions between different groups or operators of different sports activities. The implementation and modification of rest areas, nature trails, information boards, restoration and maintenance of wells or monuments can make localities more attractive. These modifications can serve as a destination for short trips in locations where there are no interesting views, nice meadows, or other beautiful natural environments. Earth screws can be used to anchor wooden structures and elements instead of concrete foundations.
The development of green areas in the commune of Łomianki and the protection of valuable natural areas
Edyta Rosłon-Szeryńska
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0348
Łomianki belongs to the urban-rural communes of Warsaw suburbs in Poland. There are a number of forms of protection in the commune, including Natura 2000 areas (31% of the area) and the Kampinos National Park (15%). The importance of nature as the green infrastructure of urbanized space is increasing due to the progressive climate change. The green infrastructure of the commune provides a number of ecosystem services. These areas are threatened by urbanization pressure.
The subject of this study is to develop guidelines for improving the functioning of green areas in the commune of Łomianki. For this purpose, small-scale, field and social studies were carried out, including extensive analyzes of legal acts and local documents determining the development of the commune. A survey was carried out among the inhabitants of the commune, which contributed to learning about their opinions and needs in the field of greenery. The proposed solutions are to become the basis for the sustainable management of green areas by the local government unit and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Łomianki commune.
The erosion protection segments ans possibilities of their alternative use
Hedvika Psotová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0354
The paper deals with the implementation of elements of anti-erosion protection, integration into the landscape and their production and non-production potential. There are given examples of the use of implemented elements for the restoration of historic landscape structures, the creation of valuable habitats and the subsequent environmental education or recreation for local residents.
The impact of short-term recreational activities on the habitat of floodplain vegetation in the urban environment of Petržalka
Viktória Tyukosová, Timea Petrová, Jana Grečnárová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0357
Forest vegetation is one of the main elements of the landscape image. These fragments form a landscape and have irreplaceable microclimatic and ecological functions in the landscape. Development and urbanization of natural localities in Petržalka accumulate many inhabitants in these parts of the natural floodplain forest ecosystem. This concentration of the population poses a danger to ecological stability, and biological balance and, in some cases, disrupts the ontogenesis of individuals. The environmental conditions and the structure of the forest are the most important individual factors necessary for the proper function of the ecosystem. As a result of frequent short-term recreational activities in exposed and marginal forest areas, mechanical damage to trees and herbs is also frequent. A direct example can be the destruction of greenery or damage to the environment, which can include stepping on sidewalks in addition to reserved areas or a form of alienation of young plants. In this paper, we focus on mapping the changes in morphogenesis and health status of woody plants caused by recreational activities.
The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the number of visitors in selected protected areas in the Czech Republic
David Zahradník, Marek Banaš, Miroslav Zeidler, Ondřej Vítek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0361
Visitor monitoring has been taking place in many protected areas of the Czech Republic for many years. This provides nature conservationists with knowledge about the impact of visitors on the objects of protection of these areas. The 2020 COVID-19 epidemic and related government measures disrupted current long-term attendance trends in many localities. Based on several case studies, the text illustrates how the epidemic and the measures taken specifically affected the number of visitors to Czech protected areas.
The implementation of a GIS as an effective tool for the valorization of typical food products from marginal areas
Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0366
The economy of marginal areas is frequently compromised by the inadequacy of the transport system, lack of co-operation between farms, and insufficient distribution of their typical products, whose valorization may be an important factor for exploiting rural tourism. In those areas, the problem that more frequently arises is the difficulty in planning land development, due to the lacking or poor knowledge and classification of every information, together with the inadequate capability to get new information and to simultaneously analyze several different data. In this paper, a GIS method has been employed for an application in land use planning with reference to an internal area of Basilicata Region (Southern Italy), well known for its typical food products (sheep and goat cheese). This GIS has been implemented, so as to match information of geographical level (terrain height, gradient, slope orientation, soil utilization, structures and infra-structures, etc.) with pasture characteristics (pasture aromatic herbs, grass percent coverage, nutritional values, etc.). It has revealed a very useful tool, allowing to individuate new areas that may be devoted to pasture, with the best characteristic and highest potential performance, able to contribute for an increase of quantity and a standardization of quality in production of “Pecorino” cheese.
The importance of historic ferry sites for the tourism along the middle section of the Labe River (Czech Republic)
Marek Havlíček, Ivo Dostál, Josef Svoboda
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0371
Ferries on the larger rivers have historically played an important role in the daily lives of the local communities, but many were also important to travellers and traders from more distant destinations. The locations of ferries have been recorded on the basis of old topographical maps from the 1760s, 1840s, 1880s and 1950s. This paper focuses on the historical ferry sites along the middle section of the Labe river between Kolín and Mělník. The aim of the work was to evaluate the historical significance of the ferries on the selected section, to trace the remains of the related buildings and to assess the possibilities of their usefulness for contemporary tourism. The key issue is the accessibility of the ferry sites to the hiking and cycling marked routes, where it is possible to create e.g. an information panel about the once operated ferry in a given place. The highest potential for further utilisation have the surviving buildings at the ferries, e.g. ferry houses, roadside inns, etc.
The Influence of the recreational reservoir on water quality in Aušperský stream
Věra Hubačíková, Jana Marková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0376
The article focuses on monitoring the quality of water in the Aušperský stream, which flows through 2 reservoirs - Horní rybník and Dolní rybník. Horní rybník serves as aquatic habitat for waterfowl and amphibians. Horní rybník is used for recreation and sport fishing. Under Dolní rybník, treated wastewater from the industrial area flows into the Aušperský stream. The Periodic sampling was performed on selected specific profiles. Furthermore, algae and cyanobacteria were collected and determined. The evaluated analyzes of selected water quality indicators were subsequently compared with the valid legislation of the Czech Republic. The evaluation showed that none of the reservoirs had a higher incidence of cyanobacteria, only an increased number of green algae and diatoms, especially in the summer months. According to selected indicators, the reservoirs do not have a negative effect on the quality of the water in the stream.
The influence of tourist information materials on the emergence of overtourism
Emil Drápela
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0381
Tourist information materials, such as leaflets, brochures, maps, guides and web presentations, significantly influence people's decisions about the form of their future or current vacation. Unfortunately, often the very form of passing on information about potential tourist destinations in the region encourages the tourist to visit especially the most famous tourist destinations, which can then suffer from the negative effects of mass tourism. On the contrary, lesser-known tourist destinations, which would welcome an increase in attendance, are often presented in these materials as of secondary importance. How is this possible when many localities are currently struggling with the negative effects of overtourism and at the same time most Czech rural regions live in long-term undertourism? The article presents the results of experimental research, in which the perception of tourist information materials was analyzed. The results of the research point out the main mistakes that the creators of these materials commonly make and thus support the uneven tourist development of the area. Furthermore, examples of good practice that act as a prevention of overtourism and potentially develop the whole region and not only selected highlights are presented.
The influence of woodlots on the photoclimate of green areas and the quality of recreation
Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0385
The quality of people's recreation in urban green areas (parks, municipal forests etc.) is remarkably influenced by the availability of sunlight. Especially the intended shaping of woodlots (landscape architecture) can have a very positive local impact on the sense of thermal comfort, diversified sun exposure, etc. The appropriate tree cover can regulate the degree of insolation of the site in the daily and seasonal aspects. The optimal structure of tall green forms (e.g. spatial and age structure, species composition) is the condition to achieve it. Due to the proper spatial arrangement of trees, it is possible to expose places that should be in full sun, keeping other areas in the periodic partial shade. The desired solar exposure can also be obtained by the selection of tree species (tall, low, broadly branched, columnar, etc.), the proper planting density and the distribution of trees regarding other forms of land development (topography, water system, road layout, buildings, etc.). Tree stands with a luminous, loose and airy structure have particular recreational and hygienic values. During recreation in a bright tree stand of parks and forests, the availability of sunlight has long been recognized as having great health-promoting importance due to the increased natural possibility of skin synthesis of vitamin D3 (the so-called "sun vitamin"). Also, with the favourable availability of solar radiation, the therapeutic impact of urban green areas becomes significant, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The stability of banks in post-mining lakes as a limit to their recreational potential
Jan Deutscher, Miloslav Šlezingr, Ondřej Hemr, Petr Pelikán, Kateřina Sedláčková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0390
In the lowland areas of the Czech Republic, the mining sites of sand and gravel-pits are often naturally filled with groundwater. This creates typical post-mining lakes of great importance in the landscape. Not only do these lakes create valuable semi-natural habitats sought after i. a. endangered water bird species and become hotspots of local ecological stability, they also quickly become popular destinations for various recreational activities. Wanted or unwanted, spontaneous recreation cannot be stopped as fisherman; swimmers; divers; various sportsmen etc. always seem to find a way to enter the lakeside. This phenomenon has to be reckoned with at all stages of the restoration, planning and management of these areas. In post-mining lakes, where recreation is one of the desired functions, bank stability plays critical role in ensuring the safety of visitors and thus becomes one of the main limiting factors of its recreational potential. In this article, we present a unique low-cost approach how the stability can be improved. This can hopefully contribute to a reasonable management of these precious areas by supporting both its ecological and recreational values.
The use of fruit trees in agroforestry - a contribution to improving the diversity of agricultural landscape and its cultural services
Eva Pekárová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0394
The paper is focused on the use of fruit trees in agroforestry which falls into the category of alternative farming. In the first phase of the assessment, the possibilities of using fruit trees in agroforestry systems were specified with regard to the type of land, especially on arable land and permanent grasslands to which extensive orchards and gardens have also been assigned. While in arable land, linear planting is considered inside or on the edge of soil blocks, in permanent grassland it is mostly scattered planting within plots. In the case of extensive orchards and gardens, it is a combination of linear and scattered plantings. In the second phase, the categorization of soil-climatic conditions of Slovakia was performed from the point of view of the requirements of individual fruit trees. Adapting the choice of fruit trees to habitat conditions is a basic precondition for their planting on arable land or permanent grassland to be beneficial both for increasing the ecological stability of the agricultural land and for diversifying agricultural activities. It should be recalled that weather fluctuations, including the occurrence of longer periods of drought, especially in lowland areas, will significantly determine the real benefits of integrating fruit trees into agroforestry systems. Although habitat conditions allow for a more even distribution of productive cultivation of fruit trees in the form of agroforestry on agricultural land, to factors that also determine the expansion of fruit trees belong tradition, technological equipment, including post-harvest processing of fruit and, of course, supplier-customer relations. The application of agroforestry on agricultural land can also be perceived as a contribution to enhancement of cultural ecosystem services of agricultural land which creates the basic preconditions for agri-tourism development.
The use of waste tires in recreational areas and their impact on the environment
Markéta Šourková, Petra Martínez Barroso
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0399
Hobby recreation is most often associated with activities in the countryside, consisting of plant cultivation and cottage farming in personal recreational facilities. These are often called „a second home“ which the owner together with adjacent land in personal ownership has to care for. Vacationers often make use of different means to minimize manual labour to maintain their gardens nice. One of them is the use of waste tires and products made from them. Presuming that a tire is a durable and harmless material, they apply it to the soil (rubber granulate) or use it as planting pots for growing vegetables. Such a waste tires or granulate can also appear to be a design element that can help minimize time spent in garden maintenance (water retention, weed control etc.). Although the tire seems to be a very practical product and material, it is also a waste that can be hazardous to the environment and human health due to its composition. This study evaluated the effect of waste tires microparticles using a 28-day subchronic phytotoxicity test (repeated container experiment with substrate and determined microparticle proportions of 0%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 75%) using selected plant species: Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. The evaluation of the test showed in several cases increased phytotoxicity of the substrate after prolonged exposure of microparticles in the soil.
Tourist potential of Weisshuhn´s race in Žimrovice in the Opava region
David Honek, Miriam Dzuráková, Martin Caletka, Miloš Rozkošný, Marek Havlíček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0403
The aim of the paper is to point out the issue of navigation canals as potentially attractive tourist destinations. There are a number of these structures in the Czech Republic, but many do not receive as much attention in terms of tourist promotion as they deserve, given their cultural, historical and technological value. Weisshuhn's race in Žimrovice has been operating continuously since 1891. It was chosen as an example as it represents not only a unique water management facility, but also a regional attraction with a tourist potential, the evaluation of which is the subject of this paper. The evaluation of the race itself is based on a detailed assessment of the construction technology and its comparison with similar structures in the Czech Republic, including consideration of other aspects relevant in terms of tourism.
Tourists´ perception of Romania´s salt resources. Case study: Praid Salt Mine
Camelia Teodorescu, Andrei Ducman
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0409
The development of tourism has produced the entry into the tourist circuit of new objectives, as is the case for salt mines. Praid Salt Mine is one of the most important objectives that uses the salt resources in Romania, through intense flows of tourists, who arrive in the area for health benefits or leisure activities. To conduct the study, the reviews provided by visitors on the Google platform were analyzed. The central objective of the study was to identify the main dysfunctions, the satisfaction rate of visitors, the main positive points of the Praid Salt Mine, for a sample of one hundred reviewers. The aim of the study is to increase the level of awareness regarding the need to insert tourist objectives in a tourist circuit as authentic as possible, but adaptable to the requirements of visitors, as the online environment has made it easier to get feedback from a large mass of people. The study reveals that most visitors are satisfied with the experience they had in the Praid Salt Mine and feedback can be a starting point in the process of rethinking the marketing opportunities to create a new updated brand, to get even more visibility and benefits.
Transformed landscapes in Czechia – opportunities for their "new" recreational use
Zdeněk Boudný, Ivan Bičík, Lucie Kupková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0413
The paper is based on the ongoing project of the Ministry of Culture NAKI II: Heritage of Extinct Landscapes: Identification, Reconstruction, Accessibility, which is worked on by experts from the entire geographical section of the Faculty of Science, Charles University. As part of the project, we have already analyzed a total of 40 territories of variously transformed landscapes throughout Czechia. Many of them are currently at least partially intensively used by human society, especially for recreational purposes – the Giant Mountains, Central Povltaví, Novomlýnské reservoirs or Most. We will pay more attention to the last-mentioned territory in this article. Most area in the last 200 years has undergone fundamental changes in terms of the micro and macrostructure of the landscape. From agricultural land in the 19th century, through lands affected by intensive brown coal mining and industry in the 20th century, to the currently partially reclaimed land, which is gradually "returned" to nature and the general public, precisely through the conversion of former mining areas into areas suitable for tourism. Over the last 200 years, the landscape of Most area has undergone not only a physical change in structure, but also a change in use and function.
Using the Knowledge of Written Sources for Nature Conservation and Recreation in the Forests of the Drahany Highlands
Karel Maráz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0418
Drahany Highlands is a landscape with underground caves, dry valleys, depressions and plateaux. This area, inhabited since prehistoric times, has been used economically since the 13th century. Based on the analysis of a wide range of archival sources, the paper presents the historical economic activity of humans in the forests of the Drahany Highlands at three selected sites. The majority of economic activity involved the extraction of timber and other raw materials; for a certain period of time in the Middle Ages the landscape was deforested and used for agriculture. In addition to export, wood was in demand for the processing of other raw materials – glassworks, lime works, iron mills, etc. Information about these, supplemented by knowledge of the boundary stones, ethnographic material, and the everyday life of the local inhabitants, will be used in other fields and will increase the interest of the general public in visiting the sites of former human economic activity. The archival sources testify also to the transformation of the local original diversity of forest species (mainly beeches, oaks, hornbeams, birches, poplars, and firs) into unsuitable 19th century spruce monocultures. This offers an alternative to the return of the original species composition of the Drahany Highlands forests.
Utilization of landscape and cultural values in the strategy of tourism development in the foothills of the Rychlebské Mountains
Vojtěch Starý, Tomáš Mašíček, Hana Vavrouchová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0422
The foothills of the Rychlebské Mountains, together with the rest of the Jeseník district, are the scene of radical socio-economic changes which, after the end of World War II, shaped the region by expelling most of the original German population. After the suppression of economic activity of the population, which transformed the original forested form of the landscape into the agricultural and industrial stronghold of the First Republic, tangible and intangible heritage remained in the landscape referring to important milestones of our state, which, thanks to this article, will not be forgotten. In recent years, this area has met with increased interest from tourists. The aim of the article is to point out the forgotten cultural values associated with the defunct settlements and its original inhabitants. Against this background, a tourism development strategy can be built, which will help the distribution of tourist destinations in a wider area of interest and at the same time offer the potential for everyday relaxation and education.
Utilization of good practice of torrent control in recreational education in the Veľká Fatra National Park
Mariana Jakubisová, Matúš Jakubis
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0426
In the article we present the possibility of using an example of good practice of torrent control in recreational and leisure education of the public and university students. For this purpose, we chose the torrent control Jelenec in the Hornojelenecká valley in the Veľká Fatra National Park. Hornojelenecká valley is one of the most beautiful and most visited recreational locations in the Veľká Fatra National Park. This valley forms a natural watershed of the Jelenec torrent with a historical torrent control, which was established in 1926-27 and has reliably fulfilled its function for 95 years. Based on field measurements, we analyzed the runoff characteristics of the watershed and the discharge characteristics of the torrent in an effort to present the results of research in recreational tourism and university education. The main goal is to raise awareness among the general public about the importance of integrated forestry measures to protect the landscape from flash floods and erosion in recreational education. We evaluated the capacities of flow profiles in relation to T-year discharges and the functionality of various types of transverse objects. On the information boards, we explained the implemented solutions from a technical, ecological and environmental point of view.
Various functional structures of woody vegetation - a base of the proposal of new functional landscape
Petr Kupec, Petr Pelikán, Ondřej Hemr
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0431
The article presents the results of a case study, which was processed in the catchment area of the water source Nová Ves u Pohořelic owned by BVaK, a.s. The mentioned area consists of about 20 ha of floodplain landscape on mostly Quaternary sediments. The site, originally covered with mature coniferous forest, was deforested due to the drought, which had an immediate effect on the quality of the water in the water source, especially by a significant increase in nitrogen content. The purpose of the study was to design such a structure of the landscape, consisting mainly of elements of woody vegetation, which, by its existence, will ensure the re-achievement of the ordered water quality. The article presents the principles of this proposal, which are based mainly on the ecological possibilities of the proposed tree species and their use for remediation of undesirable substances in water, as well as the proposal itself.
Vegetation of Vineyards – Regarding the Risk of Fire and Importance for Tourism
Jan Winkler, Martin Černý, Erika Hurajová, Radek Punčochář, Magdalena Daria Vaverková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0436
Vineyards are an important tourist element in the cultural landscape. The vineyards also include other types of plants. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the species composition of vegetation in terms of the potential risk of fire. The evaluation of vegetation took place in the cadastre of four wine-growing villages (Hlohovec, Horní Dunajovice, Moravský Žižkov, Sudoměřice). The wine-growing villages belong to the Morava wine-growing region. The vineyard vegetation has a diverse range of species. Based on our evaluation, 87 species were found in the monitored localities. Among the found species, there were 17 species of grasses. Grass biomass in vineyards increases the risk of fire. Vegetation in the vineyards is a potential risk for the outbreak and spread of fire.
Viewpoint geosites and their potential for geoeducation and geotourism
Lucie Kubalíková, Karel Kirchner, František Kuda
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0440
Viewpoint geosites are locations which allow observation of the surrounding landscape and comprehension of geodiversity (or Earth history recorded in rocks, structures and landforms) visible from this locality. The sites themselves don‘t have to be attractive from the Earth-sciences point of view, so they may be both natural (e.g. rock outcrops, mountain tops) and man-made objects (e.g. watchtowers, view terraces). These sites represent a very important resource for geotourism and geoeducation as they allow understand landscape, its history and relationships between its components. In this paper, we present examples of viewpoints from Podyjí National Park (both natural and man-made structures) that allow to observe geodiversity of the area. For an effective management and rational use of these specific and important sites, it is necessary to identify their characteristics and potential, so the guidelines for inventorying and method for assessment their potential are proposed. These procedures can contribute to the development of geotourist and geoeducational activities and above all, they enable better understanding of geodiversity’s position within landscape and justify its conservation and sustainable use.
Water retention measures as an element of adaptive measures to tackle the climate change in the city of Trebišov, Slovakia
Martina Zeleňáková, Natália Junáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0446
Many countries are currently facing environmental problems related to climate change. Adaptive measures that reduce landscape vulnerability and increase the adaptive capacity of natural and man-made ecosystems to the current or expected negative effects of climate change are a response to the demand for its mitigation. Selected adaptation measures can be implemented as a system of measures aimed at improving the hydroclimatic conditions of the landscape, especially by influencing its water retention function.
The paper focuses on the design of water retention measures in the area of the secondary school in the town of Trebišov, located in the Lower Zemplín region in Slovakia. The proposed water retention measures are implemented by retaining and draining rainwater during heavy rainfall from paved areas and collecting areas of roofs. The results of this study are newly built drainage pipe systems with the creation of retention structures of rain gardens, infiltration trenches, vegetation walls and rainwater collection tanks for watering, including permeable areas of vegetation blocks.
Wetland restoration options with regard to different operational requirements
Jana Marková, Petr Pelikán
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0450
One of the many possible landscape interventions for water retention in the landscape is the construction of natural small lakes - pools, a measure that is currently very common. At first sight, it is a relatively simple measure, in terms of legislation, design and implementation. However, there is often disillusionment, as there is a clash between the requirements of the individual public authorities with the nature conservation authorities and also with the water management options. Conflict can also arise over the actual function that the pools are ultimately intended to fulfil. Primarily preferred by experts, biodiversity, water retention, etc., can often clash with requirements for recreational use, especially if the feature is close to an urban area.
What Are the Main Aspects of the Use of Edible Seaweeds in Guimaras Island, Philippines? Case Study
Julieta Galila-Infante, Lilian Diana B. Parreño
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0455
Guimaras is a small touristic island situated between Panay and Negros islands in the Western Visayas. Its coastal waters are endowed with rich marine resources, including seaweed, which has become the coastal community’s source of food, livelihood, and employment. This study aimed to determine the diversity, abundance, production and marketing practices of edible seaweeds in Guimaras Island, Philippines in the areas where recreation is set as well. Respondents were the 275 members of Seaweed Farmers Associations in the municipalities of Sibunag and Nueva Valencia using a researcher-made questionnaire. Seaweeds grown were not so diversified, only Cottonii brown, green and barako; and the Spinosum, green and brown. Cottonii-brown and green were the most widely grown seaweeds in the coastal barangays of Sabang, Sebaste and San Isidro in Sibunag and Panobolon in Nueva Valencia. The husbands mostly did production practices from site selection to harvesting and marketing, while wives took charge of recording, receiving, and keeping sales, cleaning, and maintenance. Challenges faced by seaweed growers include ice-ice disease, washed-out and untimely harvests, lack of drying equipment and buyers dictating prices of products.
Which types of stools (according to morphological features) can be seen in the landscape of Drahanská Highland?
Jan Kadavý, Robert Knott, Barbora Uherková, Michal Kneifl, Zdeněk Adamec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0463
We provide information on the results of mapping the relics of traditional coppice management in the Drahanská Highlands (Czech Republic). Three localities were selected where information on morphological features of stools and their occurrence in the landscape were collected. Stools were classified according to the established scheme with the aim to determine their cultural and historical value. It turned out that the final stool value is not affected by the locality, but by the tree species. European beech, sessile oak, small-leaved linden, and European hornbeam were evaluated. Oak and beech had a higher proportion of stools with lower values in comparison with linden and hornbeam. Differences in the average altitudes at which stools occurred essentially reflected different ecological demands of analysed species. The occurrence of stools could be sorted according to increasing altitude as follows: small-leaved linden – European hornbeam – sessile oak – European beech. European beech was the most widespread species. Its stools occurred from the lowest to the highest altitudes in the studied area. The authors recommend using the proposed classification scheme to determine the cultural and historical value of stools, especially with regard to planning their protection.