ISBN online: 978-80-7509-957-0 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0
REGION V ROZVOJI SPOLEČNOSTI 2023 / REGION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY 2023
5.–6. 5. 2023 Brno
- Josef Smolík (ed.)
Proceedings of the XI edition of the international conference „Region in the Development of Society: Crisis, Conflict, Uncertainty“, which took place at the Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies of Mendel University on May 5th and 6th, 2023. The submitted papers reflect the dynamic developments of recent years in the field of regional development as well as international relations. During the preparation and realization of the conference, we once again became aware of complexity and challenges brought about by the times we live in. The Covid-19 pandemic and its global impacts were not only timely topics but also posed challenges for a significant portion of academics from various disciplines. Thus, our conference decided to focus on the trends in the development of the pandemic and examine its effects on the security, socio-economic, regional, and demographic aspects of regional development and international relations. Additionally, the conference also reflected on the serious Russo-Ukrainian conflict (war), which continues to have a significant impact not only on the regional stability of Central Europe but also on international relations. The conference aimed to capture this important topic and provided experts, analysts, and researchers with the opportunity to present their perspectives, findings, and positions that could help the public better understand the complexity and difficulty of resolving this conflict.
online: 2023, publisher: Mendelova univerzita v Brně
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Conference papers
Prvé spojené krajské a komunálne voľby v podmienkach Slovenska: problém volebnej účasti
Jakub Bardovič
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0009
In 2022, the first combined municipal and regional elections were held. One of the goals of this change was to increase voter turnout, which has long been the most problematic aspect in the case of the elections to the bodies of self-governing regions. In this context, the aim of the article is to identify changes in electoral behaviour with a focus on electoral participation in combined elections at both levels of local government. By fulfilling this aim, it is possible to characterize the current effect of the electoral law amendment. The results of the article show that the positive effects of the combined elections were partially manifested. In the case of self-governing regions, a higher voter turnout was achieved. However, the lowest turnout in history since the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic was recorded at the municipal level. It should also be stated, that in a large number of municipalities, the situation arose where a certain group of voters voted for their representatives at the municipal level but did not pass their vote to the representatives at the regional level. There was also a significant increase in the number of invalid votes in elections to the bodies of the VÚC, which significantly reduces the real value of effective electoral participation.
CORE LABOUR STANDARDS: DEBATES LIKE MOST OTHERS
Oldřich Bubák, Josef Kasal
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0018
World's societies, along with their economies, have experienced immense changes over the last few decades. Many of these shifts involve opening up of previously closed markets, involving labour migrations, economic integration at various scales and corresponding (de)industrialization trends, among others. Needless to say, the above developments have generated many heated debates concerning the environment, sovereignty, democracy, or the social aspects of globalization, among others. This contribution will engage one of such debates centering on the need for unqualified enforcement of minimum labour standards around the world. In this debate, the supporters claim the core set of labour standard must be enforced globally to ensure the basic protections for all workers and to prevent the race-to-the-bottom among the competitive nations of the global South. Detractors, on the other hand, assert that enforcing standards would put undue pressures on workers in the South while stifling economic growth and development. The goal of this paper is to examine both sides of the argument and supply an analysis highlighting that such debates are precisely those common to all major social-political issues of global relevance.
THE EDUCATOR'S ROLE IN THE AUTONOMY JOURNEY FOR ADULT STUDENTS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
Mariah Cruz de Souza Tronco, Horák Miroslav, Verter Nahanga
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0024
The vision of people with mental disorders has a historical and social nature. In the last decades, important steps have been taken toward guaranteeing dignity for these vulnerable people across the globe. This paper focuses on educators that deal with students with mental disorders in Young and Adult Education. The study is aimed to clarify a commitment to the social inclusion of people with mental disorders, which was allowed thanks to the critical education. The link between communication and education is analyzed in the paper, showing the potential of language to consolidate effective educational practices. Furthermore, the relationship between mental health, critical education, and empowerment of students is explored in this paper. Finally, examples of Brazilian initiatives that contribute to the development in this field are included here.
UKRAJINA – PROSTOR PRO GEOPOLITICKÉ HRY MOCNOSTÍ
Štefan Danics
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0032
Ukraine is a space between Europe and Asia. And Russia cannot function as a Eurasian empire and pursue global geopolitical ambitions without Ukraine. On the other hand, the U. S. position as a hegemon of world politics cannot allow Ukraine to fall within the sphere of Russian power influence. The US, thanks to NATO's eastward expansion to Russia's borders, remains a European power as well. The post-Cold War geopolitical gamesmanship of the powers has set off a global power competition. And they have heightened the importance of geopolitical analysis of the Russia- Ukraine conflict, where the war is not just about Ukraine's sovereignty, but rather about the rivalry of powers on a global scale and the division of spheres of influence.
AXIOLOGIE KONFLIKTU NA UKRAJINĚ
Roman Dont, Petr Krajáč, Zdeněk Mikulka, Petr Urban
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0040
The war in Ukraine is analyzed and commented on in our public space in many ways. The axiological view is somewhat more modest, actually absent. After roughly a year of research into the given conflict through the prism of axiology, we came to the conclusion that it is primarily a clash of diametrically different value worlds. We therefore present an argument for the claim that it is primarily and first of all the system of dominant values of Russia that is behind both the decision to wage this war and the way it is waged.
GLOBÁLNE DEMOGRAFICKÉ VÝZVY V KONTEXTE ENVIRONMENTALISTIKY
Zuzana Draková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0048
Predkladaný príspevok sa zameriava na výzvy nepriaznivých demografických ukazovateľov, ktoré sa javia ako celospoločenský problém nielen na území našej krajiny. V tomto kontexte je náš príspevok zameraný práve na cieľovú skupinu seniorov, ktorých sa to priamo týka. Je nevyhnutné zaoberať sa problémom komplexne a brať do úvahy aj environmentálne ukazovatele a aspekty kvality života. Ústredným fókusom nášho výskumu sa stáva prostredie, v ktorom seniori žijú a s tým súvisiaca environmentálna gerontológia.
MANAGEMENT ZDRAVÍ VĚZNĚNÝCH OSOB PRO ROZVOJ REGIONU
Petr Juříček$
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0053
The contribution analyzes the state of health in a diametrically different environment, namely among incarcerated individuals, which entails significant limitations, and reflects the health condition of prisoners in the utilization of their workforce potential for the development of the region. The initial chapters of the text provide a description of basic healthcare provided to incarcerated individuals, with emphasis on the specific conditions of serving a sentence of imprisonment. The key emphasis will be placed primarily on diagnosing prevalent illnesses among prisoners and summarizing the main diagnoses of those sentenced in the selected organizational unit. The evaluation of health status is compared with the job opportunities in the region of the examined prison, along with an analysis of the utilization of workforce potential in regional development work. The presented analysis is based on a research survey of a selected prison, including a category of incarcerated individuals placed in a medium-security prison, meeting the security and personality criteria for inclusion in so-called external workplaces. This, in the scale of the Czech prison system, represents a moderately-sized prison with a cross-section of sentenced individuals. Health documentation analysis from the Medicus system, used in healthcare within the prison environment, will be utilized for data collection. The research sample consists exclusively of the sentenced individuals residing in the above-mentioned organizational unit, comprising the target research sample of 550 sentenced individuals. The main objective of the contribution is to summarize the state of physical health and assess the possibilities of employability for job offers within the examined organizational unit.
PRŮNIK NEDOVOLENÝCH VĚCÍ DO VĚZNIC JAKO BEZPEČNOSTNÍ PROBLEM
Ondřej Kolář
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0062
The article is targeted to problems which are connected with infiltration of unpermitted objects into prisons and relates it to consequencies of prison fgacilities security and security of inmates too, same like security of prison staff. Fact, that the objects like cell phones and drugs imagine security risk for czech prison environment is connected with question of inmate´s violence not only against themself or their surroundings but against prison staff too. This text focused on area of solving this infiltration of unpermitted objects to prisons and the role of investigation unit which is responsible for solving these activities.
ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA V HYBRIDNÍ VÁLCE: BILANCE A PERSPEKTIVY
Miroslav Mareš
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0069
The paper deals with the issue of the Czech Republic's involvement in a specific form of conflict, which is called a hybrid war. The author analyses the concept and outlines a possible categorization of the actors and the development of the hybrid war against the Czech Republic. It also examines the reaction to this phenomenon in the internal political and international-political dimensions. It also evaluates the perspectives of future hybrid action against the interests of the Czech Republic. He concludes that its security policy has - despite specific problems - adapted to the development of hybrid warfare.
THE EMBRYOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PREGNANCY TERMINATION IN POLAND
Marta Michalczuk-Wlizło
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0075
The conditions for the permissibility of legal termination of pregnancy always arouse great public interest, antagonize public opinion. The conditions permitting legal termination of pregnancy in Poland are defined in Article 4a of the Act on family planning, protection of the human fetus, and the conditions for permissibility of pregnancy termination. The embryopathological premise was one of the most common reasons for abortion. However, this legal provision was derogated by the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal.
THE LINKS BETWEEN FREEDOM AND THE INTERNET IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A DEMOCRATIC COUP OR STATUS QUO TIME?
Martin Petlach, Amar Khairi
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0082
The last two decades have witnessed a striking increase in the number of Internet users as well as new mechanisms of Internet controls have been introduced in many regimes. The objective of this analysis is to appraise how the growth of online population and Internet controls impact on the state of freedoms and democracy in Southeast Asia. The authors argue that the Internet has maintained its ambiguous role within democracy in the examined region. Four groups of countries were identified in the cluster analysis in accordance with the state of variables in the examined years of 2017 and 2020. The results then stressed that the rising figures of online population had been accompanied by additional restrictions of Internet freedoms. At the same time, the percentage of online population has not proved to be a sufficiently significant variable.
ELECTIONS THAT DID NOT TAKE PLACE IN POLAND IN 2020. WHAT WENT WRONG?
Małgorzata Podolak
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0090
On May 10, 2020, a presidential election was to be held in Poland. Due to the epidemiological situation, the government decided that it would be held exclusively by mail. This form of voting is provided for in the Electoral Code as an alternative to in-person voting at polling stations. There was a lot of controversy surrounding the election, regarding how the election was conducted and the entities involved in its organization. This led to the eventual postponement of the election date to June 28, 2020; hence the term “election that did not take place,” which is commonly used to describe the 2020 presidential election that was to be held by mail.
HOW PARENTS FOSTER SUCCESSFUL FOUNDERS
Alexander Roth, Ivana Blažková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0097
The purpose of this research was to establish the extent to which parental influence contributed to the success of their offspring's first start-up. The study sample comprised a case study of 20 technologybased start-ups operating in Germany. Qualitative methods were employed for data gathering and analysis; semi-structured interviews as the research instrument and responses were analysed using content analysis. The major findings were that family was the major influence on start-up success in Germany, and fewer females than male entrepreneurs were engaged in start-up, both corresponding with earlier research. New findings included that parents who were not entrepreneurs also had substantial influence on start-up success, and that parents encouraged development of practical skills, related to communication, networking and competitiveness. The main limitation of the study was the small sample so that further studies are recommended with large representative samples, in order to validate these findings.
KRIZE, KONFLIKT A NEJISTOTA: KONCEPTUALIZACE POJMŮ
Josef Smolík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0106
This paper focuses on the conceptualization of three concepts: crisis, conflict, and uncertainty. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of these phenomena and to create a theoretical framework for their study and analysis. In the introduction, these concepts are defined, and various approaches to their interpretation and explanation are presented. The article then focuses on the relationship between these phenomena and shows how they can influence each other and strengthen each other. Overall, this theoretical paper offers a basic framework for studying these phenomena, which can be useful for professionals in the fields of sociology, political science, security studies, economics, and other social sciences.
ANTIRADIKALIZAČNÍ POLITIKA - OD EXTREMISMU K DELEGITIMIZACI STÁTU
Štěpán Strnad
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0112
The paper tries to present the development and transformation of the Czech security policy since 2015 in the area of the anti-radicalization discourse of the state as a reaction to the trends of social radicalization and the political rise of populist radical and protest parties and movements in the Czech Republic. It does so on the theoretical basis of the approaches of security studies and social communication. Specifically, using the so-called mental model and theory of discourse and political legitimacy. The contribution derives from the content analysis of the situational monitoring reports on extremism of the Ministry of the Interior and press releases of the highest political representation the meaning of the concept of anti-systemicity in the discourse of anti-radicalization policy.
BRÁNÍCÍ SE LIBERALISMUS NEBO BRÁNÍCÍ SE DEMOKRACIE?
Michal Ševčík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0125
The article deals with a reflection on political ideology and form of government, or rather on its differences and liberalism's tendency to identify itself with democracy and its particular claim to patronage of democracy (liberal democracy). The paper takes into account the contribution of other modern ideologies to the emergence and existence of democracy, i.e. socialism and traditionalism (conservatism), and is also a critique of existing liberalism, which has adopted the agenda of identities and other progressivist themes into its agenda, which it presents as a practice of broader democracy.
KONEC GLOBALIZACE? MOŽNOSTI VÝVOJE SVĚTOVÉ EKONOMIKY
Ilona Švihlíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0130
The article deals with the process of globalization and its impact on the formation of international economy. Special focus is given to several disturbances in this process. These include the consequences of the Great recession, impact of Covid-19 pandemics and conflict in Ukraine. The article presents possible scenarios and changes in the world economy.
UDRŽITELNOST A EFEKTIVNOST JAKO KLÍČ K SOBĚSTAČNOSTI V PRODUKCI CUKRU A CUKROVÉ ŘEPY V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
Martin Vaněk, Věra Bečvářová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-957-0-0135
The contribution examines the development of sugar beet production with the subsequent production of sugar and evaluates important factors that are necessary for the preservation of this production not only with regard to ensuring self-sufficiency in the production of one of the basic foods in our territory, but especially its role in the sustainability of rural regions. Key factors are evaluated based on the analysis of the development of basic indicators in the field of sugar beet cultivation and subsequent sugar production, including the effect on price transmission within the vertical and the impact on foreign trade. It specifies the production affects the context related to the preservation of sugar beet and sugar production in the dynamic development that this sector has undergone based on the application of the CAP and within the framework of the SOT reforms, when from 2017 this market is fully exposed to the market environment after more than 48 years.