ISBN: 978-80-7701-050-4 | ISBN online: 978-80-7701-049-8 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8
PĚSTOVÁNÍ LESŮ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ 2025. 25. mezinárodní setkání pěstitelů lesů / CENTRAL EUROPEAN SILVICULTURE 2025: 25th International Meeting of Central European Silviculturists
Adaptační opatření v lesnictví / Adaptation Measures in Forestry
1.–3. 9. 2025 Křtiny
- Kateřina Houšková (ed.)
Forestry has recently undergone a number of changes that require a response. The annual meeting of experts from research institutes and universities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, where the results of their work in this field are presented and current topics are discussed, is therefore an important moment for forestry in Central Europe. The conference “Central European Silviculture 2025: Adaptation Measures in Forestry” is therefore a suitable platform, which has been operating for a quarter of a century, and the output of which is a sought-after collection of contributions.
Published: 2025, online: 2025, publisher: Mendelova univerzita v Brně
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Conference papers
DETEKCIA MEDZIER V KORUNOVOM ZÁPOJI A POZITÍVNYCH RASTOVÝCH REAKCIÍ STROMOV NA UVOĽNENIA SPÔSOBENÝCH DISTURBANCIAMI V NPR BADÍNSKY PRALES / DETECTION OF CANOPY GAPS AND POSITIVE TREES GROWTH RESPONSES TO RELEASES CAUSED BY DISTURBANCES IN THE BADÍNSKY FOREST NNR
Zuzana Parobeková, Ladislav Šumichrast, Denisa Sedmáková, Pittner Ján, Peter Jaloviar1
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0013
The aim of this work is to determine the area of canopy gaps by aerial laser scanning and to analyse the frequency and intensity of trees growth responses to releases in past periods by reconstructing the disturbances using dendrochronological methods. In the Badínsky prales NNR, there is currently only a small proportion of gaps in the category with succcesional stand to 1/3 of the upper height of the stand (2%). As 23.4% of the NNR area is in the category with successional growth up to 2/3, we can assume more significant disturbances in past periods. Individuals located in the overstory have responded to releases in the past with greater growth change, which is essentially the reason for their current status. Intensive raction was marked in growth of firs, which, even at an advanced age, were able to change their diameter increment in some cases by more than 20 times. The high intensity disturbances were captured both by aerial scanning and by dendrochronology, as they conditioned a significant growth change of the released individuals. However, based on incremental changes, we also identified periods with extensive disturbances of lower intensity.
DLHODOBÉ ZMENY ŠTRUKTÚRY PORASTOV V PREBUDOVE NA VÝBERKOVÝ LES A RASTOVÉ TRENDY VYBRANÝCH DREVÍN / LONG-TERM CHANGES IN STAND STRUCTURE IN THE CONVERSION TO SELECTION FOREST AND GROWTH TRENDS OF SELECTED TREE SPECIES
Anna Petrová, Denisa Sedmáková, Ján Pittner, Stanislav Kucbel, Jaroslav Vencurik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0020
The study aimed was to analyze long-term changes in stand structure and to perform a dendrochronological analysis in two stands converted to selection forest. Research measurements were carried out on two permanent research plots (50 × 50 m) in the Pro Silva Donovaly – Mistríky area in the years 1979, 1999, 2013, and 2024. On trees with a diameter at 1.3 m > 8 cm were measured for attributes such as diameter, height, and tree positions using Field-Map technology and simultaneously increment cores were taken from selected spruce and fir individuals for dendrochronological analysis Natural regeneration was monitored on transects by height categories. The results showed that the stands are approaching a selection model, with a diverse vertical and diameter structure. In natural regeneration Norway spruce was the most dominant species, while silver fir showed a decline, other species are minimally represented. Dendrochronological analysis showed a negative growth trend in spruce, while a positive growth development was recorded for fir. The findings contribute to a better understanding of selection forest dynamics and support planning of silvicultural interventions.
MORTALITA SMREKA OBYČAJNÉHO INDIKOVANÁ HRÚBKOVÝM RASTOM V CHRÁNENEJ KRAJINNEJ OBLASTI POĽANA / MORTALITY OF NORWAY SPRUCE INDICATED BY DIAMETER GROWTH IN THE POĽANA PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AREA
Denisa Sedmáková, Peter Jaloviar, Marek Ježík, Patrícia Priščová, Zuzana Parobeková, Ján Pittner, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0027
Ongoing climate change has increased the mortality rates of tree species in temperate forests. A comparison between 77 vital and declining Norway spruce trees revealed significant differences in the stem diameter, diameter increment, growth sensitivity, occurrence of growth releases and strength of correlation with the reference chronology. The most pronounced differences between groups became evident after 1974, pointing to the impact of climatic stress. Based on selected indicators, a mortality model was created using logistic regression. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 84.42%. The results suggest that the selected predictors (stem size, growth sensitivity and growth divergence) can be effectively applied to assess vitality in Norway spruce stands. Their use in forestry practice may improve decision-making in tending strategies, the selection of resilient trees, and contribute to maintaining the productive potential of spruce forests under changing environmental conditions.
APLIKÁCIA BDQ METÓDY PRI MODELOVANÍ OPTIMÁLNEJ ŠTRUKTÚRY A ŤAŽBY VO VÝBERKOVOM LESE / APPLICATION OF BDQ METHOD FOR MODELING OF TARGET STRUCTURE AND HARVEST IN SELECTION FOREST
Jaroslav Vencurik, Natália Tarageľová, Anna Petrová, Ján Pittner, Stanislav Kucbel
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0038
The study presents the application of BDq method for the development of target structure model and the harvest planning in permanently uneven-aged forests. This method is still relatively less known in the Central European forestry practice. The target diameter distribution is derived according to target basal area, target diameter and the quotient between successive diameter classes. The study describes the theoretical background of the method and shows its application for the modeling of structure in a spruce-fir mountain stand in transformation to the selection forest. Based on the site and stand characteristics we proposed following input parameters for the model of a mixed mountain forest – basal area 34 m2/ha, target diameter 74 cm and quotient 1,31.
MOŽNOSTI POUŽITIA EKTOMYKORÍZNEJ SYMBIÓZY PRI PESTOVANÍ SADBOVÉHO MATERIÁLU TOPOĽA A VŔBY V PODMIENKACH DUNAJSKÝCH LUŽNÝCH LESOV / INCORPORATION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS IN THE CULTIVATION OF PLANTING MATERIAL OF POPLAR AND WILLOV IN CONDITIONS OF THE DANUBE RIPARIAN FORESTS
Martin Belko, Martin Bartko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0049
The main objectives of this contribution were: i) exploration of species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi present on the root systems of poplar and willow trees in the territory of the Danube riparian forest protected Area and ii) proposal of a procedure for using the ECM fungi in the cultivation of poplar and willow planting material within the currently implemented LIFE-RESISTANCE project aimed at the complex transformation of forest stands of the Danube riparian forest, consisting mainly of non-native hybrid individuals of fast-growing trees. Visual comparison of external morphological features of the collected root tips with descriptions given in the literature indicate the presence of 5 different species of ECM fungi in both examined trees. From the available literature review, the most suitable method of inoculation of planting material under operational conditions appears to be the addition of natural materials (forest soil, humus) with the presence of ECM fungi to the growing substrate before planting and subsequently continuously during planting material cultivation.
POŠKOZENÍ VÝSADBY DUBU LETNÍHO (QUERCUS ROBUR) A TŘEŠNĚ PTAČÍ (CERASUS AVIUM) OHRYZEM HLODAVCI / DAMAGE TO PEDUNCULATE OAK (QUERCUS ROBUR) AND WILD CHERRY (CERASUS AVIUM) PLANTINGS BY RODENTS
Ladislav Čepelka, David Dušek, Renáta Smolíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0056
The case study focuses on the damage of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and wild cherry (Cerasus avium) seedlings in a planted area in the Podkrkonoší region. The aim was to identify the likely causal agent of the damage and to describe the nature and extent of the damage. Through field observations and analysis of the damaged seedlings, it was found that the main pest was probably the bank vole, whose activity was manifested by gnawing the higher parts of the seedlings. More than 70% of seedlings were gnawed during the first winter after planting, with significantly more damage observed on individuals surrounded by forest weed and those with larger stem diameters. Despite the repellent content of the bark of both species, significant damage occurred, indicating the importance of environmental factors. The results have implications for planting planning and protective measures.
PŘÍSTUPY PŘEMĚNY A PŘESTAVBY SMRKOVÝCH POROSTŮ NA REVÍRU BARANÍ / APPROACHES OF THE CONVERSION AND TRANSFORMATION OF SPRUCE STANDS IN THE BARANI DISTRICT
Petr Kaděrka, Antonín Martiník
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0063
The paper develops the transformation of the species composition in the Baraní district according to the intensity of management and the extent of Norway spruce decline. The Baraní district is located in the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mountains, the predominant site is characterised by rich soil of fir-beech vegetation zone, and spruce is represented by 83%. With the standard approach and the current extent of clearings, 3.4 ha are converted annually (of which 1.9 ha on the clearings and 1.5 as underplanting). The low-cost approach and the intensive approach convert 1 ha and 5.3 and 10.1 ha, respectively. For the realistic scenario, the increase in clearings per decade is assumed to be 1.5 times, for the pessimistic scenario 3 times. The increased intensity of conversion is related to an increase in the cost of forest regeneration, where more than 60% of the cost is due to protective measures against wild animals. For the approaches and scenarios analysed, a decline in spruce can be expected in the range of 1–8% at the end of the next decade.
KLÍČIVOST SEMEN JEŘÁBU BŘEKU V ZÁVISLOSTI NA DOBĚ STUDENÉ STRATIFIKACE / GERMINATION OF WILD SERVICE TREE SEEDS DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF COLD STRATIFICATION
Kateřina Pešková, Martin Baláš, Ivan Kuneš, Miroslav Šulitka, Přemysl Šedivka, Tomáš Holeček, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0072
The germination capacity of the wild service tree seeds (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) was evaluated concerning the duration of cold stratification. Germination tests were conducted in 2020, 2021 and repeated in 2025. In the first two years, seed stratification began at the same time. The seeds were tested for germination immediately after two, three, and four months of stratification. Only fresh, non-germinated seeds were included in the germination tests. In the repeated experiment conducted in 2025, seed stratification was initiated gradually so that seeds subjected to two-, three-, and four-month stratification periods could be subjected to the germination test simultaneously. Within the experiment conducted in 2025, the fresh, dead, and prematurely germinated seeds were also recorded during the stratification period. Prematurely germinated seeds were also included in the germination tests but were documented separately. Based on the experiments, the minimum required duration for cold stratification can be determined as three months. However, with extended stratification, the percentage of seeds that begin germination too early, i.e. during stratification, increases.
VLIV RŮZNÝCH HOSPODÁŘSKÝCH POSTUPŮ NA PŘIROZENOU OBNOVU DUBU ZIMNÍHO (QUERCUS PETRAEA) VE SPRÁVĚ ŠKOLNÍHO LESNÍHO PODNIKU MASARYKŮV LES KŘTINY / THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON NATURAL REGENERATION OF SESSILE OAK (QUERCUS PETRAEA) IN THE TRAINING FOREST ENTERPRISE, MASARYK FOREST KŘTINY
Eliška Žižková, Martin Kománek, Jakub Černý
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0079
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different regeneration methods on the natural regeneration of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) under the conditions of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. The research was conducted in seven forest stands within the 2nd to 4th forest vegetation zones. Following the seed year of 2022, regeneration interventions were implemented in the form of clear-cutting and shelterwood cutting. On research plots (minimum size 0.2 ha), a total of 331 seedling samples were collected and measured for above-ground height, length of the main taproot, and diameter at the root collar. The results showed that seedlings growing in clear-cut areas achieved significantly higher values in all measured parameters compared to those from shelterwood-cut areas. Increased light availability on clear-cuts supports assimilate production and accelerates seedling growth, whereas limited light conditions under shelter can hinder early development and increase vulnerability to competing vegetation. The findings highlight the importance of considering light and site conditions in silvicultural planning to ensure the establishment of stable and vigorous oak stands under changing climate conditions.
RAST A VITALITA SMREKA VÝCHODNÉHO (PICEA ORIENTALIS) A SMREKA OBYČAJNÉHO (PICEA ABIES) V LESNÍCKOM ARBORÉTE KYSIHÝBEL / GROWTH AND VITALITY OF THE ORIENTAL (PICEA ORIENTALIS) AND NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES) IN THE FOREST ARBORETUM KYSIHÝBEL
Martin Belko, Michal Pástor, Klára Králová, Slavomír Strmeň, Jozef Vakula, Jaroslav Jankovič, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0089
The main aim of the contribution was to introduce the preliminary results of the growth and vitality assessment of autochthonous Norway spruce (P. abies) and introduced Oriental spruce (P. orientalis), based on data available from inventories of plots in the collections of the Forest Arboretum Kysihýbel. Inventories of plots have been caried out at regular 10-years intervals and are available since 1984. Oriental spruce achieved lower values of individual as well as stand characteristics compared to Norway spruce in almost all inventoried plots. In the oldest plot with an age of 114 years, for Oriental spruce the mean diameter at breast height was 43 cm, mean height was 30 m, basal area was 60 m2.ha−1 and stand volume 754 m3.ha−1, for Norway spruce the mean diameter at breast height was 47 cm, mean height was 33 m, basal area was 66 m2.ha−1 and stand volume was 868 m3. However, the presence of rots as well as individual to patchy occurrences of dieback related to bark beetle infestation observed exclusively in plots of Norway spruce suggest on the lower susceptibility of Oriental spruce to damage related to biotic pests.
VLIV PĚSTEBNÍHO ZÁSAHU A NADMOŘSKÉ VÝŠKY NA VODNÍ STRES U MLADÝCH POROSTŮ SMRKU ZTEPILÉHO (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST) / EFFECT OF THINNING AND ALTITUDE ON WATER STRESS IN YOUNG NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST) STANDS
Jana Hacurová, Nikola Švorc Štěpánová, David Dušek, Jan Leugner, Jakub Černý
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0095
For the adaptation of forest stands to the effects of climate change can be important optimal silvicultural (tending) interventions. This study evaluates the water stress level in pure young Norway spruce stands in the 2023 growing season at two ecologically distinct sites (Křivina 402 m a.s.l. and Říčky 920–930 m a.s.l.) in relation to the intensity of thinning interventions. Water stress was assessed using a Scholander pressure chamber. Although it was assumed that thinning would enhance water availability due to reducing canopy closure, the results did not reveal significant differences between thinning treatments. Surprisingly, higher levels of water stress were observed at the climatically more favourable site, Říčky. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating ecological, phenological, and physiological factors when evaluating the impacts of drought on forest stands.
KLIMATICKO RŮSTOVÉ VZTAHY DOUGLASKY TISOLISTÉ NA BÝVALÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ PŮDĚ / CLIMATE GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS OF THE DOUGLAS FIR AT FORMER AGRICULTURAL LAND
Pavel Horák, Petra Jablonická, Pavlína Pancová Šimková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0103
The Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is one of the most used non-native tree species in European forestry. It is increasingly being used for the afforestation of agricultural land. Douglas-fir stands on both former agricultural land and permanent forest soils have shown significant long-term effects of historical land use on climate-growth relationships. On the site established on former agricultural land, tree growth showed a strong correlation with climatic variables in the current year of ring formation. In contrast, on forest soil, growth was more strongly influenced by climate conditions from the previous year. In terms of sensitivity to extreme climatic events (pointer years), notable differences were observed only in the initial development stage on agricultural soils; these differences diminished as the soil environment gradually transformed.
VLIV PĚSTEBNÍHO MANAGEMENTU NA ODOLNOST BOROVÝCH POROSTŮ VŮČI KLIMATICKÉ ZMĚNĚ / THE EFFECT OF THE SILVICULTURE MANAGEMENT ON THE RESISTANCE OF SCOTS PINE STANDS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Petra Jablonická, Pavel Horák, Jakub Černý
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0110
The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important economic tree species in the Czech Republic. Large part of pine stands has declined during the current ongoing global climate change (GCC). Therefore, it is important to focus on increasing pine stands resistance to GCC. This research asked the following questions: Which silvicultural approach is the most appropriate for still occurring pure Scots pine stands in the Czech Republic? Are these stands under adequate silvicultural management sustainable in the CZ in the upcoming decades? Our results show that the negative effects of climate change on nutrient/water poor sites in lower altitudes can only be partially mitigated by the silvicultural management.
KOMPETIČNÍ VZTAHY V POROSTECH S ROZDÍLNOU STRUKTUROU A JEJICH VLIV NA TLOUŠŤKOVÝ PŘÍRŮST / COMPETITIVE RELATIONSHIPS IN STANDS WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURES AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIAL INCREMENT
Martin Kománek, Eliška Žižková, Černý Jakub
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0117
This study examined competition in forest stands with varying structures. The structure of forest stands plays a significant role in the production of individual trees and the wider ecosystem. Monocultures are more susceptible to decay than mixed forests, which comprise at least two tree species. In the Czech Republic, forest ecosystems are primarily disrupted by abiotic factors, most frequently a combination of water shortage and wind damage. With changing forest composition, there is a necessity to focus on stand mixtures and their production capacity. Norway spruce and European beech monocultures (A), even-aged mixed stands (B), and stands with a differentiated structure converted to selection forest (C) were analysed. The increment of spruce at the basal area in differentiated stands converted to uneven-aged forest was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of spruce in other variants and beech in monoculture. The differences were not significant for beech, partly due to the lower DBH in the mixed stand variant, where spruce dominates over beech when comparing diameter at breast height.
DRUHOVÁ A ŠTRUKTURÁLNA DIVERZITA V PRALESOCH BADÍN A DOBROČ / SPECIES AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY IN OLD-GROWTH FOREST RESERVES BADÍNSKY AND DOBROČSKÝ PRALES
Stanislav Kucbel, Róbert Sedmák, Ján Pittner, Ladislav Šumichrast, Peter Jaloviar, Jaroslav Vencurik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0124
The objects of the study were two old-growth mixed forests located in Central Slovakia – National Nature Reserves Badín and Dobroč that have been under strict protection since 1913 and represent the oldest forest reserves in Slovakia. Besides other measurements, since the late 1970s every decade the registration of all stems with dbh > 8 cm by full callipering has been conducted on the entire areas of both reserves. The long-term data from five finished measurement campaigns provided the possibility to analyse the large-scale dynamics of tree species composition, structural and dimensional diversity regarding ongoing climate change. The analysis confirmed the trend towards increasing dominance of beech at the expense of the conifers (fir in Badín or fir and spruce in Dobroč) and the significant increment of stand volume. In Badínsky prales, the reduction of species diversity and increase of diameter diversity was observed, whereas the total diversity remained rather unchanged. Dobročský prales experienced moderate increase of the total diversity, which was the consequence especially of increasing height and diameter diversity.
PĚSTEBNÍ POSTUPY V NÍZKÉM A STŘEDNÍM LESE PRO DOSAŽENÍ SORTIMENTŮ VYUŽITELNÝCH DO PRODUKTŮ LAMELOVÉHO DŘEVA PRO KONSTRUKČNÍ A NEKONSTRUKČNÍ APLIKACE / SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES IN COPPICE, COMPOUND COPPICE AND COPPICE WITH STANDARDS FOR PRODUCING ASSORTMENTS SUITABLE FOR LAMINATED WOOD PRODUCTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND NON-CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS
Ivan Kuneš, Martin Baláš, Kateřina Pešková, Přemysl Šedivka, Tomáš Holeček, Vilém Podrázský, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0131
Laminated timber for structural and non-structural applications represents a way to increase the value of assortments of hardwood timber with smaller dimensions, which will provide them with sufficient added value and can mean a reasonable economic effect. This brings the possibility for a wider use of assortments from medium or coppice forests. The paper deals with the design of basic silvicultural principles in young forests endangered by drought, which will lead to the acquisition of the necessary assortments usable as inputs to produce laminated timber. Especially on the drying sites, silviculture practice, including the vegetative method of regeneration, can contribute not only to the stability of forest stands and the fulfilment of their environmental functions, but also to their effective economic use.
VPLYV DRUHU A PROVENIENCIE REPRODUKČNÉHO MATERIÁLU NA RAST, FENOTYPOVÚ KVALITU A VEGETAČNÚ FENOLÓGIU MLADÝCH JEDINCOV DUBA ZIMNÉHO A DUBA LETNÉHO / THE ROLE OF A SPECIES AND PROVENANCE OF PLANTING STOCK ON GROWTH, STEM QUALITY, DAMAGE AND VEGETATIVE PHENOLOGY OF YOUNG SESSILE AND PEDUNCULATE OAKS
Roman Longauer, Veronika Přikrylová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0138
The paper analyses the role of species and source population (provenance) of the planting stock of sessile and pedunculate oaks in the beech forest zone (alt. 550 m) in PLO 30 Drahanská Highland, Czechia. Sets of trees representing 5 sessile oak and 4 pedunculate oak provenances were studied in a provenance trial (7–9 years after outplanting) with focus on the survival rate, growth, stem quality, damage, spring phenology (budburst and leaf flushing), lammas growth and autumn leaf senescence. In the trial located at its local altitudinal maximum, sessile oak had higher mean height, lower proportion of damaged individuals, better stem quality, and it flushed earlier than alochtonous pedunculate oak. As to the role of provenance of planting stock, it has influenced the height, survival rate, budburst and leaf development of both oak species, as well as the stem quality of sessile oak. Across the species and provenances, individuals which flushed earlier and ceased vegetation later in autumn, were higher, had better stem quality, more and longer lammas shoots, and less damage.
VÝVOJ SMÍŠENÉHO SMRKOJEDLOVÉHO POROSTU / DEVELOPMENT OF MIXED SPRUCE-FIR STAND
Jiří Souček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0145
The development of the proportions of tree species on the basal area in the mixed stand in the ridge part of the Orlické Mts. has been monitored from 1970 to the present. The development of the stand has been adversely affected by air pollution and repeated snow damage. The proportion of spruce and fir has gradually changed, both species reacted differently in individual periods to negative factors. The present stand has an appropriate species composition and diameter structure.
EXPERIMENT S VÝCHOVNÝM ZÁSAHEM VE SMRKOVÉM POROSTU A VLHKOST PŮDY / FOREST TENDING EXPERIMENT IN SPRUCE FOREST STAND AND SOIL MOISTURE
Ondřej Špulák, David Dušek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0150
The importance of water in forest ecosystems is increasing in the context of climate change. The aim of the described experiment is, among other objectives, to verify the effect of a thinning intervention in a young Norway spruce stand originating from natural regeneration on soil water content. Four subplots were established within a stand with a density exceeding 11,000 trees per hectare, each equipped with six soil moisture sensors. Precipitation and soil moisture were also monitored on a nearby clear-cut area. Following a calibration period, intensive thinning treatment was applied to two of the subplots. The intervention led to an increase in soil moisture on the treated plots. The difference was more pronounced during the first than the second growing season, but it was also evident during the winter period.
MELIORAČNÍ FUNKCE POROSTŮ S JAVOREM KLENEM (ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L.), KRÁTKÁ PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE / SOIL-IMPROVING EFFECTS OF STANDS WITH SYCAMORE MAPLE (ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L.), A SHORT CASE STUDY
Dušan Kacálek, Jan Bartoš, Ondřej Špulák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0157
Sycamore maple is expected to be an effective soil improver. This study presents a positive impact of pure sycamore on soil of nutrient-poorer Bystré plot. A mixture of sycamore and Douglas fir showed a worse function, i.e. less base cations in the forest floor layer. On the other hand, nutrient-rich plot of Uhřínov showed more basic cations below sycamore with Douglas fir compared to sycamore with larch. Forest-floor humus was lower in sycamore-Douglas fir mixtures in both research plots.
TEPLOTA VZDUCHU A VLHKOST PŮDY VE VZTAHU K EXPOZICI A DŘEVINNÉ SKLADBĚ LESNÍHO POROSTU / AIR TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE IN RELATION TO EXPOSURE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE FOREST STAND
Jiří Novák, David Dušek, Jaroslav Rožnovský, Václav Zouhar, Dušan Kacálek, Dušan Vavříček, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0161
Due to the diversity of natural conditions and species composition of forests, forest stand microclimate research is a necessary condition for the correct setting of adaptation measures to ongoing climate change. The paper presents preliminary results from the newly launched monitoring of the effect of exposure and species composition on the forest stand microclimate. In the annual comparison of average daily air temperatures 2 m above the ground and average daily soil moisture at a depth of 10 cm, certain expected trends were evident (generally warmer in the south and colder in the north, wetter in the north than in the south and wetter under broadleaf trees than under conifers). However, even from short-term monitoring it emerged that other factors, such as soil properties, canopy cover, etc., need to be considered when assessing the microclimate. We plan to do this when evaluating data obtained over a longer period.
PŘÍSPĚVEK K VYUŽITÍ VÝHONŮ LESNÍCH DŘEVIN JAKO KRMIVA PRO HOSPODÁŘSKÁ ZVÍŘATA / CONTRIBUTION TO THE USE OF SHOOTS OF FOREST TREE SPECIES AS FODDER FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Vilém Podrázský, Abubakar Yahaya Tama, Pavel Švagr, Martin Baláš
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0169
Twig-fodder represents the sprouts of woody species including foliage. It is a traditional source of domestic animal alimentation as well material used for feeding in modern agroforestry systems. In the presented study, the basic nutrition characteristics of twig-fodder of European beech and mulberry, sampled in two terms (10. 5. and 16. 8. 2023) are presented. The bulk samples from 5–10 individuals of each species were formed; the samples were analyzed in the agricultural laboratory. The nutritional characteristics were compared with mais silage as reference fodder. Results confirmed twig-fodder as convenient and perspective source of animal alimentation, the higher nutritional value of mulberry compared to European beech and seasonal changes in nutritional quality.
DEKOMPOZICE LISTŮ BŘÍZY V POROSTECH S RŮZNOU VÝCHOVOU / DECOMPOSITION OF BIRCH LEAVES IN STANDS WITH VARIOUS THINNING
Jiří Souček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0175
The text summarizes the results of birch leaf decomposition in stand with different thinning regimes. Litterbags with leaves were placed in stands with different density at the beginning of January; subsequent samplings were carried out at 3-month intervals. During the winter period, leaf mass decreased equally in all variants. During the growing season, decomposition was faster in thinner stands. By the end of experiment (299 days incubation), 42–59% of the leaf mass had decomposed, depending on the stand density. The content of potassium in the leaves decreased with increasing time since installation in the field.
ODRŮSTÁNÍ SAZENIC VYBRANÝCH INTRODUKOVANÝCH JEHLIČNATÝCH DŘEVIN NA SUCHEM OHROŽENÉM STANOVIŠTI VE VZTAHU K JEJICH ADAPTAČNÍMU POTENCIÁLU / GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED INTRODUCED CONIFEROUS TREE SEEDLINGS ON A DROUGHT-PRONE SITE IN RELATION TO THEIR ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL
Václav Trojan, Jaroslav Moravec, Zdeněk Vacek, Stanislav Vacek, Jan Cukor, Matěj Škrleta, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0181
As a result of climate change, the frequency and intensity of disturbances are increasing, negatively affecting the stability and functioning of forest ecosystems. Increase in temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns are weakening the vitality of native tree species, leading to higher mortality, stand disintegration, soil erosion, and reduced water retention. It is therefore essential to identify more resilient species, including introduced tree species that exhibit greater resistance to extreme environmental conditions. This study evaluated the growth performance and health status of 9 introduced conifer species (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus nigra, Cedrus spp., Abies spp., Thuja spp.) in comparison with the native silver fir (Abies alba) at the site of a former forest nursery in Budišov. More than 5,000 seedlings were monitored for mortality, vitality, total height, height increment, and root collar diameter. Significant differences were observed across all assessed parameters. Pinus nigra, Thuja plicata, and Abies grandis showed high potential as alternative species for forest regeneration. Their use may enhance species diversity and contribute to forest adaptation under climate change. However, appropriate provenance selection, mixed-species planting, and long-term monitoring are crucial.
PŘÍSPĚVEK O VLIVU LESNÍHO POŽÁRU NA PYROFILNÍ STŘEVLÍKY (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) JAKO SOUČÁST POZNÁNÍ K BUDOUCÍ ADAPTACI LESŮ? / A REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF FOREST WILDFIRE ON PYROPHILOUS CARABID (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PART OF KNOWLEDGE FOR FUTURE FOREST ADAPTATION?
Václav Zumr, Oto Nakládal, Jiří Remeš
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0189
Forest wildfire is a type of disturbance that plays a large role in affecting forest ecosystems. Forest fires have been more frequent in the past and due to coevolution, they have given rise to the evolution of pyrophilic organisms, i.e. fire lovers. In the study area near Horní Cerekev, pyrophilous species made up the majority of individuals, accounting for 55% of all carabids in the burnt habitat and were predominantly represented by P. quadrifoveolatus. Rarer species S. quadripunctata were rarely observed, with only twenty-three individuals. The two species are highly correlated, potentially suggesting their close habitat requirements. Sterility of the landscape after wildfire is a key niche determining pyrophilous carabids. However, active fire management is very problematic in cultural landscapes. Traditional burning of logging residues, which was much more commonly used in more recent times, may be an unconsciously important management measure for habitat creation of pyrophilous carabid from a regional perspective.
POMŮŽE SI PŘÍRODA PO POŽÁRU V ČESKÉM ŠVÝCARSKU SAMA? / DOES NATURE HELP ITSELF FOLLOWING WILD-FIRE IN BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND?
František Šach, Dušan Kacálek, Jan Leugner
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7701-049-8-0197
Fire had been always a natural component of forest dynamics before forest-protective measures were applied. However, in human-colonized landscapes, wildfires are also reasonably considered a threat. One of the important causes of wildfire in the Czech Switzerland National Park was a dominance of flammable tree species – spruce and pine. Besides its immediate effects on the forest, the other fire impacts are a burned topsoil and its increased vulnerability to be eroded by water. However, the forest vegetation has been restored in the post-fire conditions. The burned-soil properties and species compositions of herbal layer were tree-species specific. It will be convenient to accompany naturally seeded pioneer species, such as particularly birch at present, via planting of late-successional trees. A lesson drawn from the event – to be aware of no-management approaches enforced within densely inhabited landscapes.