ISBN: 978-80-7509-962-4 | ISBN online: 978-80-7509-963-1 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1
Public recreation and landscape protection – with environment hand in hand! vol: 15
13.–15. 5. 2024 Křtiny
- Jitka Fialová (Ed.)
On behalf of the Czech Society of Landscape Engineers and the Department of Landscape Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, the conference proceeding of fifteenth year of conference “PUBLIC RECREATION and LANDSCAPE PROTECTION – with the environment hand in hand?” is published. Conference is organized under the auspices of prof. Dr. Ing. Jan Mareš, the Rector of Mendel University in Brno, of prof. Dr. Ing. Libor Jankovský, the Dean of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, of doc. Ing. Tomáš Vrška, Dr., the Director of Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny, Mendel University in Brno, of Ing. Dalibor Šafařík, Ph.D., the Chief Executive Office, Forests of the Czech Republic, and of Mgr. Jan Grolich, the Governor of South Moravia, in cooperation with Czech Bioclimatological Society, Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech R! epublic) and Partnerství, o.p.s., with the financial support of FS Bohemia Ltd. The main topics of the conference: Components of the recreational and tourist potential of the territory – landscape character, geological formations, forest vegetation, non-wood forest products, water elements in the landscape and more Recreational and touristic use of the area and environmental impact assessment (water, air, waste...) The use of natural phenomena to support the regional development, the possibility of subsidies drawing Damage to parts of nature by the recreational use - examples of solutions, experiences, good practices from the Czech Republic and from abroad Environmental education. New trends in recreational use of the landscape (new kinds of sports, minimizing of the environmental impacts, new technologies...). Research results in the field of recreational use of the landscape. Visitor monitoring.
Published: 2024, online: 2024, publisher: Mendel University in Brno
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Conference papers
AGROECOLOGY IMPLEMENTED THROUGH BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR RURAL LANDSCAPE PROTECTION
Roberto Puglisi, Salvatore Margiotta, Dina Statuto, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0009
Agroecology is a scientific subject, an innovative practice and a social movement, which studies ecological processes in relation to agro-food systems, providing new concepts and tools for mainstreaming advanced management strategies of the agroecosystems. The implementation of Agroecology principles may strongly benefit from Biosystems Engineering techniques. Indeed, their synergical integration may contribute to the reduction of the environmental footprint of agriculture, while protecting biodiversity and ecosystems, so leading to better techniques, materials and tools for planning the rural landscape. Several techniques characterized by an eco-friendly impact are currently investigated by Biosystems Engineering, e.g.: building elements for bio-architecture, produced/integrated with natural materials (bricks insulated with straw/wool; concrete reinforced with natural fibers; “adobe” bricks; etc.); Nature- Based Solutions (NBS); fully biodegradable materials (e.g., for soil mulching); remote-sensed data (from drone/satellite) exploited for precision agriculture, to optimize the use of resources (water; soil; agrochemicals; etc.). These solutions may support the formulation of strategies for re-designing agroecosystems at the landscape level, focusing on ecosystem services, biodiversity, water conservation, crop/livestock production, agrochemicals limitation, pollution reduction, and climate change adaptation. This review paper presents the main technical solutions of Biosystems Engineering for Agroecology, able to integrate territorial planning, reducing pollution from agriculture and protecting the rural landscape.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ACROSS GENERATIONS; A QUANTITATIVE APPLICATION ON X, Y, AND Z GENERATIONS
Cihan Yılmaz, Özlem Karatas, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0014
This study aims to identify the similarities and changes in attitudes towards sustainable tourism across generations and to detail the sources of sustainable tourism behaviors that generations possess. Another objective of this study is to determine the changes in attitudes towards sustainable tourism based on different demographic situations such as income, education, and gender. Material and Method: Based on these objectives, the study was conducted through an online survey application on individuals living in Turkey. According to the 445 surveys obtained from the research, a data set carrying strong reliability and validity elements has been formed. The obtained data were subjected to frequency analysis with the SPSS program to obtain descriptive outputs, and to T-test and ANOVA analyses to obtain relational outputs. Findings: Analysis of the obtained data reveals a positive perception of the sustainable tourism impact amongst consumers. Among Generation X, Y, and Z, Generation Y has the highest perception of sustainable tourism, followed by Generation Z and then Generation X. A significant difference was found between Generation Y and Generation Z after analysis, with Generation Y's view on sustainable tourism being higher than Generation Z's. On the other hand, no differences were found in sustainable tourism attitudes according to gender, education level, and income status. Results: The sustainable attitude between generations initially increased and then decreased over time, but the negative difference between Generation Y and Generation Z is more significant. Furthermore, it is shown that female individuals have a more positive and higher sustainable tourism attitude structure compared to males, the level of sustainable tourism attitude meaningfully increases positively as the level of education rises, and individuals with middle and upper-income levels are more positive compared to those with lower-middle income, as revealed after the analyses.
PRÍNOS CHRÁNENÝCH ÚZEMÍ K ZMIERNENIU VPLYVU FRAGMENTÁCIE KRAJINY NA SLOVENSKU / CONTRIBUTION OF PROTECTED AREAS TO MITIGATE THE EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION IN SLOVAKIA
Ján Černecký, Juraj Švajda, Viktória Ďuricová, Jana Špulerová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0020
The main aim of the research is to identify landscape fragmentation (LF) in Slovakia with special emphasis on the contribution of protected areas (PAs) to mitigate the effect of LF. Results are presented in the final raster output (10 m grid). The raster contains 490,321,151 individual 10 m raster grids, with the LF average value of 59.12 % (where 0 represents fragmented landscape, 100 represents fully connected landscape by natural or semi-natural ecosystems) on the national level For each category of PA, individual statistics of quality and quantity of LF are estimated and subsequently compared with unprotected parts of Slovakia. The comparison of all PAs with each other resulted in 1,132 unique assessments. The overall average value of LF of unprotected parts is still rather high (56.42 %) and it shows that there are still significant areas existing, which are situated in unprotected parts of the country.
CONTRIBUTION OF AN NGO TO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT A PRIMARY SCHOOL THROUGH THE ´PROJECT GARDEN LABORATORY
Katarína Slobodníková, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0023
In Slovakia, there is a slight increase in public knowledge on the topic of sustainable living, development, and collective responsibility for the quality of environment. The rapidly worsened state of the climate is alarming and a proactive approach for changes in society´s lifestyle is essential. The non-profit sector of civil society has an important role to play in this regard, often engaging in projects that promote environmental education for children, their parents and educators in schools. This article presents methods for engaging school communities in transforming the school grounds towards sustainable education. Schools often have a generous ground area, yet in Slovakia there is a low quality of green spaces and equipment that could provide stimuli for children and educators in learning and leisure activities. The paper presents an example of good practice at the Mostná Primary School in Nové Zámky (southwestern Slovakia), where a good collaboration has generated a community and created facilities for the development of environmental education in the form of a ´garden laboratory´ with composters, raised beds for growing vegetable, fruit, and herbs. The low-biodiverse lawn has been replaced by a perennial bed, which is now attracting pollinators. The redesigned open space with new site furniture serves as an outdoor dining room and classroom for experiential pedagogy.
CROSS-BORDER DIMENSION OF (UN)SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN BORDER REGIONS
Emil Drápela
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0029
Several attractive tourist regions in the Czech Republic are located in border areas, making them accessible to visitors from the other side. Although the Czech Republic has been a member of the Schengen area since 2007 and border controls have since been abolished, the border is still present, for example, in non-connected public transport, insufficient cross-border infrastructure, or in tourists' preferences for accommodation. These factors contribute to unsustainable forms of tourism in border areas, manifested by large numbers of day visitors arriving by private cars. The paper analyzes the topic of the Czech-Polish border, using semi-structured interviews with tourism actors (cities and municipalities, entrepreneurs, and NGOs). The results show that after 1945, the Czech-Polish border was re-bordered for political reasons, and cross-border contacts also suffered due to population exchanges on both sides. A strong border effect is still present, which may lead to overtourism in some famous places without adequate financial benefits for the affected destinations. The paper concludes by presenting recommendations on how to mitigate the border effect in tourism and thus contribute to the sustainability of tourism in the region.
CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE TRADITIONAL SOUTH BOHEMIAN LANDSCAPE ON THE EXAMPLE OF LAG TŘEBOŇSKO
Jiří Schneider, Eliška Pechancová, Ilona Zourková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0034
The article focuses on the identification and evaluation of cultural ecosystem services within the territory of the Local Action Group (LAG) Třeboňsko. The practical implementation of ecosystem services into decision-making processes, planning, monitoring, or economic mechanisms in the Czech Republic is still low. Besides the need for its dissemination in public administration, it is desirable to raise awareness within the organization of local action groups as a tool for local and rural development. Methodically, the article works with an expert estimation of the significance of cultural ecosystem services in terms of targeted management on a scale of 4 to 0 points. For the actual identification of cultural ecosystem services, the CICES system was used. Its ecosystem service classes were grouped into four groups - 9.1.1.1 Characteristics of ecosystems that enable activities supporting health, recovery, or pleasure through active physical or impressive interactions; 9.1.1.2 Characteristics of ecosystems that enable activities supporting health, recovery, or pleasure through passive or observational interactions; 9.1.1.3 Characteristics of ecosystems that enable intellectual interactions, research activities, or education; 9.1.1.4 Characteristics of ecosystems with heritage value - cultural, historical, traditional, regional heritage (biodiversity conservation also belongs to this group). To map the sources of cultural ecosystem services, the Consolidated Ecosystem Layer (KVES) was used. The model area of LAG Třeboňsko is unique with its pond landscape, where valuable natural ecosystems intersect with a historical pond management system. This is reflected in the widespread representation of cultural ecosystem service sources belonging to group 9.1.1.4 with the highest priority in terms of management.
DEFINING A STRATEGY FOR MONITORING MARINE LITER IN THE PROTECTED AREA OF ASINARA ISLAND, BY INVOLVING THE LOCAL COMUNITY
Sonia Malvica, Radu-Daniel Pintilii, Marian Marin, Andreea Denis Andra Topârceanu, Donatella Carboni
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0041
Environmental pollution, especial of water bodies is the main problem of the local authorities. The main objective of the present study is to develop some actions to raise awareness among the fishermen and all actors involved, identifying the most vulnerable areas from the point of view of marine pollution. The study area is the Asinara Island (Sardinia Island, Italy), one of the most vulnerable protected area face to marine litter pollution whose argument is fishing activities by ”Fishing for Litter”. The methodology consists of field investigations, questionnaires, cartography, and data collection regarding the typology of marine litter. The analyses also include interpolations, correlations, GIS, cartographic and statistic models. The main results is the network of fishermen (”The Guardians of the Sea”) for the efficiency of the fishing activities as an useful tool for the main actors involved keeping a clean environment.
DEFORESTATION IN GABON: DETERMINANTS OF FOREST ACTIVITIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AMIDST LANDSCAPE PROTECTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE CRISIS
Dastan Bamwesigye, Evans Yeboa
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0046
Forestry is vital in the socio-progress of numerous societies and nations, especially those with abundant forest reserves, like Gabon. However, managing forests sustainably faces challenges due to factors such as population growth, expansion of agriculture, wood fuel, and round wood production at the expense of nature, habitats and tourism activities. Understanding the drivers of forest-related actions is crucial for developing policies supporting forest preservation and economic progress. This research explores the factors influencing forest-related actions and their implications for growth in Gabon, including population size, wood fuel production, round wood production, energy emissions, agriculture, and gross domestic product (GDP). Using time series methods, we analysed data from the United Nations Forest and Agriculture Organization covering the period from 1980 to 2019. We uncover significant connections through tests like Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Engle Granger cointegration test for assessing stationarity and long-term relationships among these variables as ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis to understand their impact on economic growth. Our results highlight that population and wood fuel production affect growth while round wood production has a negative impact. Moreover, we find that wood fuel production and agriculture contribute to expanding wood production, while energy emissions also influence the economy, and yet are considered critical factors of deforestation. These insights could guide policymakers in Gabon aiming to craft strategies for forest management and economic advancement while forestering landscape protection, biodiversity and ecosystems services.
DESIGNING HEALTHSCAPES FOR THE DUDINCE SPA RESORT IN SLOVAKIA
Attila Tóth, Mária Bihuňová, Miroslav Čibik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0052
The Dudince Spa Resort is situated in southern Slovakia, close to the Hungarian border. It is famous for its Roman Spa, which consists of natural travertine formations set in a hilly terrain. An important recreational asset of the resort is the forest park Búroš and various site furniture for outdoor recreation, leisure, sport, and recovery. The first written report on the healing mineral water dates to 1777. The Czechoslovak State Spa Resort was founded in 1953 and Dudince was declared a spa town in 1983. In 2003, the Dudince Spa Resort was established, and it has been continuously investing in developing the overall area of the spa park, its visual and functional quality. In 2023, the Institute of Landscape Architecture was commissioned to develop a landscape architectural study of the ‘Area of Health’ located at the southern periphery of the resort. Through research by design, we have developed two possible scenarios. One works with the vision of a ‘Garden of Emotions’ and the other one develops the idea of a ‘Garden of Senses’ for spa clients, visitors, and inhabitants of Dudince. The paper presents the outcomes of the study and evaluates both scenarios with different design approaches, while discussing further steps and visions for the ‘Area of Health’.
DETERMINATION OF THE HISTORICAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE PROTECTION AND PLANNING
Alena Salašová, Zuzana Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0058
The historic cultural landscape represents a significant natural and cultural heritage. Thanks to its specific features (landmarks), cultural and historical values and attractiveness, the cultural landscapes have a high potential for the development of recreation and tourism. The Czech Republic is an area with a high concentration of preserved fragments of historic cultural landscapes. However, some of them have not yet been sufficiently explored and identified, as a result of that the protection of landscape values and character, as well as its use for education and recreation are not adequately addressed. In order to identify and subsequently protect them, we developed in cooperation with partners methodologies for identification, interpretation, typology, and presentation of historic cultural landscapes of the Czech Republic. These are currently being tested on the example of the South Moravian Region. The obtained results are usable not only for heritage management and ensuring general landscape protection, but also as a tool of identification of tourist attractors. The paper presents the mentioned above methodologies and points out the possibilities of their application in landscape protection and development of recreation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ECODUCTS AND HUMAN ACTIVITY
Ivo Dostál, Tomáš Libosvár, Zdeněk Hejkal, Martin Strnad, Martin Slepica, Josef Svoboda, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0064
Ecoducts address the threat of biodiversity decline due to anthropogenic activities by preserving landscape connectivity. In this study, human and wildlife interactions on ecoducts in the Czech Republic are evaluated. Results from Rozkoš and Václavice ecoducts in the Liberec region monitored by camera trapping as part of a wider project involving a total of 23 migration sites across the country were analysed. Wildlife activity peaks at night, contrasting with daytime human usage. Proximity to settlements influences human activity, with Rozkoš attracting more cyclists due to its location. Discussion emphasizes ecoducts' dual role in facilitating wildlife migration and enhancing landscape recreation. Despite human presence, wildlife migration remains resilient, especially at night. Understanding usage patterns informs future ecoduct design and management for biodiversity conservation and human recreation.
EFFICIENCY OF FOREST NATURAL HABITATS CONSERVATION IN THE OUTER WESTERN CARPATHIANS (CZECH REPUBLIC)
Ivo Machar, Helena Kilianová, Stanislav Grill, Vilém Pechanec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0069
The Outer Western Carpathians (OWC) in the Czech Republic is forested mountain region interesting from the viewpoints of biodiversity conservation. Currently, the OWC region is covered by Beskydy and White Carpathians protected landscape areas (PLAs). In this study, the original expert method the NCEI (Nature Conservation Efficiency Index) is applied to the assessment of the forest natural habitats conservation efficiency in the OWC. The assessment is based on mapping of natural habitats in the frame of establishment the Natura 2000 network. NCEI has been calculated as a ratio of the total area of a particular habitat type in both PLAs divided by the total area of that same habitat in the Czech Republic. The conservation efficiency of FNH reflect their area cover in OWC and does not directly correlate with the threat rate of individual FNHs.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE TEACHERS
Martina Miškelová, Jitka Fialová, Marie Horáčková, Pavla Kotásková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0074
With the ever-increasing impact of human activity on the environment, it is necessary to fully realize that the current trend of interference with nature cannot be continued, as we are reaching a situation where the very essence of life on Earth is beginning to be threatened. Environmental or ecological education is becoming increasingly important as a result of the ongoing serious environmental problems that are beginning to have a very significant impact on human living conditions. The aim of environmental education carried out in schools should be to guide children and young people not only to act responsibly and create attitudes that support sustainable life on Earth, but also to accept their responsibility for the state of the environment and to spend their free time in the proper and sustainable way.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OF CROSS-BORDER NATIONAL PARKS IN KOSOVO, MONTENEGRO AND ALBANIA: CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD
Azdren Doli, Taulant Doli, Petra Hlavackova, Dastan Bamwesigye
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0080
The border triangle between Kosovo, Montenegro, and Albania, comprising national parks in the Western Balkans, is experiencing a surge in mountain tourism, posing environmental conservation and sustainable tourism challenges. Concerns about preserving these parks have prompted an investigation into visitors' willingness to support sustainable practices financially. This study used willingness-to-pay (WTP) methods to examine visitor preferences based on demographic factors such as age, country of origin, and education. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the monetary value visitors are willing to contribute to these parks. Results indicate that most (80%) visitors are willing to financially support improving services and sustainable tourism practices, with willingness to pay ranging from 1 to 4 €. However, willingness to pay tends to decrease with age, and visitors from Kosovo and Albania exhibit higher willingness levels than those from Montenegro. Interestingly, visitors with primary education show a negative inclination towards WTP. These findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders crafting sustainable tourism strategies in the Western Balkan countries.
EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFORESTATION – PROTECTED AREAS: A NEW APPROACH IN CASE OF EASTERN CARPATHIANS FROM SUCEAVA COUNTY
Ana-Maria Ciobotaru
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0086
Protected areas, greenscapaces are strongly influenced by deforestation and related human activities such as overexploitation, roads construction or natural disturbances (fires, snowslides) which influence the stability of protected areas. On the other hand, they have a negative impact on recreational activities. It is obvious that forest areas are important for human well-being, mental health. The proximity of protected areas to certain cities and towns positively influences the ways of spending free time, but also the demographic aspects. Thus, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between deforestation and protected areas in Eastern Carpathians from Suceava County. We investigated the impact of deforestation in protected areas based on the fact that fragmentation of forests areas affects the forests ecosystem services. The results indicate that it is necessary to analyze and know the antropic and natural factors which must be understood to maintain forest preservation and its sustainability.
FIELD LANDSCAPE AND ITS RESTORATION
Hedvika Psotová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0092
The paper deals with the specifics of the field landscape, which belongs to common and neglected landscape types. It shows its specific values and characteristics and presents ways to restore it.
FLOOD PROTECTION OF THE NIŽNÝ HRUŠOV VILLAGE USING WATER RETENTION MEASURES
Martina Zeleňáková, Natália Junáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0097
Green-blue infrastructure elements provide a wide range of ecosystem services, such as water purification, air quality, space for recreation, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Their integration makes our urban spaces more resilient, pleasant, and healthy places to live, work and play. The contribution is focused on the proposal of suitable water retention measures in the village of Nižný Hrušov (Slovakia) with the aim of ensuring the safe drainage of rainwater and the protection of the inner village against flood flows in the stream during increased surface rainwater flows. The result of this study is the design of several separate objects, such as an infiltration pipe - a trench, inspection and cleaning shafts, a detention tank, and a rain garden, whose technical and social functions are interconnected.
FLORA OF SOUTH MORAVIAN VINEYARDS AND THE EDUCATION OF THE ELDERLY CITIZENS
Jan Winkler, Erika Hurajová, Petra Martínez Barroso, Kateřina Pevná, Lenka Kamanová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0103
Vegetation surrounds and accompanies us at every step. Vineyards are a specific landscape element typical for South Moravia. From a botanical point of view vineyards are a very distinctive environment which is also reflected in their species variety. Species with common occurrence as well as weeds can be found in the vineyards. Endangered species, and on other hand invasive species also form a part of vineyards. The diversity of vineyard vegetation can be used in the education of elderly citizens. Human senses such as sight, touch and smell can be used to identify plant species. Physical movement, learning about the plant traits and employment of human senses motivate human memory and evoke memories. Wide-ranging stimulation enables better memorization of new information. Learning about the vegetation of the vineyards provokes diverse interactions that are very important in the education of elederly citizens. The combination of exercise and education is an interesting option for recreation of elderly citizens.
FLOWERING DYNAMICS OF SELECTED PLANTS WITH ALLERGENIC POLLEN
Jaroslav Rožnovský, Milan Palát
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0107
The Lednice-Valtice area is one of the important recreational areas that offer a wide range of recreation. The surroundings are also interesting for visitors, bike rides are popular. It is advisable to arrange the stay of visitors suffering from allergies with regard to the flowering of plants with allergenic pollens. Plants whose pollen is allergenic were selected from the database of phenological observations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute in the Lednice area. The data of the flowering phenophase were statistically processed and on their basis the periods with the occurrence of allergenic pollens were defined. It is a question whether there is sufficient information for tourists about periods with allergens.
FOREST CEMETERIES – USAGE AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT. EXAMPLE OF CENTRAL POLAND AND EAST GERMANY
Andrzej Długoński, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Jan Łukaszkiewicz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0112
The aim of our research is to determine what changes in cultural and natural values as well as land use are visible in the selected forest cemeteries located in the central region of Poland in Central Europe (especially from Poland). We also look for trends of ecological burials in forests visible stronlgy in Eastern (East Germany). In our preliminary study we test multiple forest cemeteries regareded to the ecological premises of burial and how they can be preserved and used for future generations. In our research, we selected different Polish forest cemeteries especially in communities, many neglected and abandoned historic cemeteries are material evidence that not only Polish but also German or Dutch communities lived in these areas.
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS SEVERE METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN THE EASTERN PART OF SLOVAKIA
Martina Zeleňáková, Tatiana Soľáková, Miroslav Garaj, Hany F. Abd-Elhamid
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0117
This study deals with two drought indexes: Standardized precipitation index (SPI) and Reconnaissance drought index (RDI) during the time interval 1972-2022. Then the identification of severe meteorological drought event was detected if the index value was less than -1.5. In the recent years eastern Slovakia has faced intensit meteorological drought due to climate change and it will be more frequent in the future. This fact establishes importace to analyze and predicted the meteorological drought in monitored territory in order to minimize the negative effect on fauna and flora as well as environment.
FROM POTENTIALS TO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES - THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN SLOVAKIA
Radovan Pondelík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0125
This paper aims to evaluate selected ecosystem services at national level (Slovakia). In this research we used our own data created by use the methodology for assessing the natural capital of the country developed during our solution of the ENVIRO PLUS project, based on geosystem approach with use of our nationwide land-use data. Each assessed ecosystem service has created statistic. The results of our study consist of two types of outcomes. Firstly, we provide tables with average and median values for each assessed ecosystem service in Slovakia and secondly, we have created maps which can help to see a broader image of spatial arrangement of benefits. We see that this research can be very helpful to provide the basis for further evaluation and environmental management of the Slovakia.
FRUIT TREES AS IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF URBAN GREEN SQUARES' VEGETATION – ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOKOTÓW DISTRICT IN WARSAW, POLAND
Kinga Kimic, Jakub Lewandowski
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0131
Fruit trees in urban green areas become an alternative method of urban gardening and edible landscape appreciated by city residents. The aim of the study was to identify fruit trees in green squares in the Mokotów district in Warsaw, Poland. Their quantitative share among deciduous trees was identified in general and by species. Changes in the number of plantings of selected species divided into periods (before 2000, in 2000-2019 and 2020-2023) were also recognized. The results show that fruit trees grow in 16 out of 18 squares and currently constitute from 2.0 to 75.0% of deciduous species, with an average share of 24.5%. Most species with edible fruit were planted before 2000 (e.g. Malus domestica). In the years 2000-2019, the number of fruit trees increased mainly through the planting of ornamental varieties (with inedible fruit, e.g. Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan'). The share of trees with edible fruits has increased since 2020, but the diversity of species has reduced – new plantings are dominated by selected species and their varieties (mainly ornamental apple trees, e.g. Malus 'Evereste'). The increasing number of fruit trees has a positive impact on the biodiversity of green squares and development of edible landscape.
GEOHERITAGE ENDANGERED BY EROSION: EXAMPLES FROM THE PRACHOV AREA
Artur Boháč, Petr Vacek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0137
The paper researches the erosion of sandstone rocks through the lens of geology and geography of tourism. It examines natural erosion, erosion caused by non-tourism human activities, especially tourism-induced erosion. Erosion disrupts sandstone formations and decreases the attractivity of an affected geosite. Concretely, the paper focuses on the Prachov Rocks, one of the most visited zones in Bohemian Paradise, famous for its sandstone towers. The core of the Prachov Rocks, the Rock City, has paid entry and several information boards with tourist instructions. Nevertheless, they do not prevent further tourism-induced unintentional or intentional damage. Another source of erosion is non-tourist economic activities in the area. The paper presents the basic theoretical framework of the geology of the studied area and damage to geosites. It also brings connected innovative typologies. The authors strive to identify the most endangered landforms and shapes within the Rock City through field research and explain the mechanism of their damage. Field research also encompasses measurements of sandstone erosion and shifts. The photographic, map and table additions amend the text.
GREEN BUDGET AS A FORM OF SOCIAL ACTIVATION TO IMPROVE THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT – CASE STUDY OF KATOWICE, POLAND
Kinga Kimic, Paulina Polko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0142
Participatory Budgets as a placemaking tool involve residents in co-deciding on public expenditure. The growing number of applications for pro-environmental projects influences the creation of Green Budgets in many Polish cities. An example is Katowice where such an initiative has been operating since 2020 to support public tasks in the field of ecology and environmental protection. The study is aimed at indicating the development trends of the Katowice Green Budget based on its 4 editions (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023). During this period, residents submitted a total of 715 green projects and 347 of them were selected for implementation. The results show a growing trend in the scope of submitted green projects in the first 3 editions and stabilization in the 4th edition. The number of accepted projects is constantly growing. The largest number of projects is related to the development of greenery (new plantings, green streets, revitalization of green areas), as well as green education important for increasing public awareness of the role of pro-environmental activities in the city. This confirms that the Green Budget fills the gap in activities supporting the development of urban greenery, and is appreciated by both the city authorities and residents.
GUERRILLA GARDENING AS A CHALLENGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION?
Jana Dundelová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0147
Currently, in the context with the concept of sustainability, emphasis is placed on ecological education and environmental problems in education, while pupils and students are increasingly separated from nature and from activities connected with a real contact with nature. Therefore, students' ecological ideas often end with sorted waste and reports on current ecological disasters. In this paper are considered the possibilities of using a controversial activity - guerrilla gardening - to increase students' interest in their surroundings, in the study of ecosystems and in their active contact with nature. The paper also discusses the possibilities and limitations of this activity with an emphasis on environmental responsibility.
HARMONIZING NATURE AND TECH: EXPLORING THE FUSION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN OUTDOOR ADVENTURE
Karin Baisová, Michal Marko, Štefan Adamčák, Jana Ľuptáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0153
Mobile technology (tablets, smartphones) may provide students with access to educational resources (maps, navigation tools), enriching the outdoor adventure experience and facilitating the learning; therefore, the present study was aimed at exploring the fusion of mobile technology in outdoor adventure (in students). Instrument of survey (3 questions) was carried out 2 months (Jan. - Feb., 2024), through the sampling (purposive) of 1 624 (100%) students: (i) Male (846, 52.10 %); (ii) Female (778, 47.90%). Descriptive (percentage - %, arithmetic mean - x̄ ) and inferential (chi-square test - x2) statistics was used to evaluate the data. 62. 80% (1020) of students use mobile technology in outdoor adventure; in contrast to 30.48% (495) (not using) (p ˃ .05). 36.82% (598) of students use additional devices of mobile technology (mobile apps) in outdoor adventure (p ˂ .01). 8.78 % (142) of students (only) are aware of apps, aimed at discovering the natural attractions (p ˃ .05). Exploring the fusion of mobile technology (apps) in outdoor adventure is students may promote the learning (experiential), engagement and environmental awareness, making it an important aspect of educational and/or outdoor recreation programs.
HOW ARE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES INFLUENCED BY THE NEW BUILDING ACT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC?
Alena Kliková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0158
The paper is devoted to the new legislation on public building law and issues related to legislation in this area in relation to recreational facilities. In 2021, a new construction law was approved, which should, among other things, reorganize the public construction administration and should simplify the processes within the framework of building permits, including recreational buildings. This paper focuses on selected issues related to the permitting of buildings for recreation and on the digitalisation of construction processes.
HOW CAN BOTTOM UP ACTIVISM CREATE A PUBLIC PARK: CASE STUDY OF EVOLUTION GARDEN IN ČEBOVCE (SLOVAKIA)
Katarína Miklášová, Anna Mária Mitrová, Ladislav Bakay
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0163
The following case study describes the ongoing process (since 2014) of creating a 1,1 ha public park via bottom-up activism in cooperation with local municipality in Čebovce (Slovakia). Čebovce is a small village with 1021 inhabitants in the south of Slovakia close to the Hungarian border surrounded by oak forests and vineyards. It has a typical valley climate, dry or moderately wet, with an annual average temperature 8.5°C and precipitation of 620 mm. The contribution describes the workflow, activities, fundraising and voluntary work during the period 2014-2024, also identifies the main formal and non-formal groups involved in the process. The selected plot, which was transformed to a public park was an illegal waste dump with a black locust stand in the central part of the village. The data were obtained from project reports of the leading NGO, which was the leader of the activities. The main function of this public park was to create an outside classroom for the local elementary school and place for relax and short-term recreation. The paper describes the strategy which was used to create and maintain this public space via bottom-up activism.
IMPACT OF AIR TEMPERATURE DEVELOPMENT IN WINTER ON RECREATION
Jaroslav Rožnovský, Milan Palát
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0168
Winter recreation is essentially fully dependent on the course of the air temperature. The occurrence of snow and ice in the landscape is conditioned by air temperatures below zero. However, climate change, typical of global warming, also manifests itself in the winter season. From the analysis of the air temperature databases at the climatological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, it follows that for the period 1961 to 2020, despite partial differences, it statistically significantly increases in winter. The increase in air temperature during this period ranges from 1 to 1.6 °C. In the southern parts of our territory, in several places, the average monthly temperature does not drop below zero in winter. This means that if it snows, the snow melts quickly, the natural areas of ice are for a short time, therefore unusable for recreation.
IMPLEMENTING MULTI-TEMPORAL CARTOGRAPHY INTO A GIS FOR ANALYZING RURAL LANDSCAPE AND PROTECTING FOREST HERITAGE
Dina Statuto, Roberto Puglisi, Salvatore Margiotta, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0173
Understanding the profound changes generated by the interaction between human activities and natural components, requires an investigation of rural landscape, that would strongly benefit by the implementation of GIS technology. In this framework, a multi-temporal study may offer significant hints for analyzing landscape evolution on time. This paper presents a spatial analysis methodology, developed to comprehend past dynamics of rural landscape, including its morphology and vegetation, to compare current changes, so envisioning potential future trends for well-planned interventions, aimed to landscape protection. This method was applied on a case study implemented in Southern Italy, where an historical map depicting the Municipality of Ruoti - traditionally devoted to arboreal cultivation or wood-sheep farming - has been retrieved. This map, reports the Town and the surrounding area in the Year 1812, including the Site of Community Importance (SCI) “Abetina di Ruoti” woodland, showing main rivers, alternation of olive groves and arable crops, and vineyards layout. The multi-temporal analysis performed implementing into a GIS this historical cartography, joined to more recent maps, enabled a compared examination of this study area, its rural land and forestry heritage, and their deep transformations, showing a great potential for assessing and monitoring landscape diversity and vegetation dynamics.
INFLUENCE OF UNDERGROUND WATER CHANGES ON STRUCTURE AND QUALITY OF VEGETATION
Ivan Iľko, Viera Peterková, Slavomír Vojtilla, Marcel Raček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0178
Among the main ecological factors of soft floodplain forests are regular flooding with surface water lasting several days. Changes in groundwater levels and the transport capabilities of watercourses can cause the decline of soft floodplain forest trees and the gradual transition to communities of hardwood floodplain forest. In the event of changes in water supply occurring over a short period of time, there is a significant increase in the risk of spreading non-native invasive plant species. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the transport capacity of the Hron River watercourse on the habitats of Willow-Poplar lowland floodplain forests and Oak-Ash-Elm lowland floodplain forests in the study area. Field surveys and data collection were conducted in selected sections of the Hron River near the villages of Pohronský Ruskov and Čata in southern Slovakia. The results indicate that the tree layer consists of individuals of Salix alba L. and Populus sp. The understory is almost 80 % composed of the invasive species Negundo aceroides Moench., which aggressively displaces remnants of original habitats. Considering the age of the oldest individuals, we assume that the changes in habitats began 40-50 years ago. Young individuals of Salix sp. and Populus sp. are missing in the stand. Similarly, species typical of hardwood floodplain forest communities are absent. It follows that the floodplain forest at the study site is very species-poor, which may have an extremely negative impact on the ecosystem services provided by the forest.
LANDSCAPE ARCHETYPES – AN OPPORTUNITY FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM
Regina Mišovičová, Zuzana Pucherová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0183
Landscape archetypes represent the historical and current state of the landscape structure, reflecting the socio-economic influences of man in the context of the natural conditions in the territory. The basic feature of archetypes is the dynamics of the formation of the landscape elements spatial arrangement based on the limits of the natural components’ properties – georelief, geological structure or hydrological regime of the territory. Archetypes have potential for the development of sustainable forms of tourism – natural and rural tourism (so-called green tourism). Such are also the archetypes in the Nitra self-governing region – 6 rural municipalities representing 3 types of archetypes – the villages of Čajkov and Rybník, Brhlovce and Bory (all Levice district), Vlčany and Neded (Šaľa district). Green tourism mainly focuses learning about local communities, natural and cultural-historical attractions. Its basis is a low number of tourists with an individual program, the locations belong to economically less developed regions with support of traditional local products. Archetypes combine the possibilities of optimal land use and direct improvement of nature protection, biodiversity and landscape through programs and products supporting and increasing environmental awareness.
LANDSCAPE-ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN THE RECREATION AREA NOVÁ DUCHONKA
Gabriel Kuczman, Viera Paganová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0189
The recreation area Nová Duchonka represents a significant tourist potential. The large area of 17 hectares is located in the birch-pine forest with open area around the water reservoir. In the socialist era, Nová Duchonka was one of the most popular locations for recreation in Czechoslovakia with quite wide range of visitors. The goal of the landscape-architectural solutions was to adapt the natural potential to current needs and use, as well as to trends that will contribute to the regional development of the territory. Landscaping includes various measures that aim to preserve and improve the natural environment with the support of biodiversity and at the same time create an attractive and functional environment for visitors. The article deals with various landscape solutions, attitudes and design work with an emphasis on recreation, created by students at the Institute of Landscape Architecture from SPU in Nitra. From the point of view of the research by design approach, the paper defines key principles of design that students applied in their design solutions.
LANDSCAPE-ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE BUKOVINKA FOREST PARK IN ZVOLEN
Mária Bihuňová, Katarína Pomahačová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0195
Leisure time is defined as a time after fulfilling all duties connected with work, study, family, sleep and personal life. There are reasons for exploring and visiting nature, forests and open landscape: physical exercise, mental refreshment, getting closer to the nature, enjoy the nature, learn something. Outdoor recreation and nature based recreation is very popular among the society of the big cities. In Slovakia, we can consider that cities of 50 000 and more inhabitants are big cities. In the 80ties of 20.century, the forest parks was established by the almost every big city. Recreation is often blend of physical, mental and emotional activity. Leisure activities can lead to personal development, increasing skills and getting known ourself better. The Paper describes the landscape architectural proposal of the educational trail in Bukovinka forest park in Zvolen city. There were proposed several types of mobiliar, interactive elements and educational boards with various topics.
LANDSCAPE-ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE OLD ORCHARD IN LOCATION PRESEĽANY FOR RECREATION AND WELL BEING
Viera Paganová, Gabriel Kuczman
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0199
The current lifestyle is characterized by the limited contact of people with nature. The reasons are related to the decrease of outdoor human activities and the limited accessibility to natural environments. The subject of study is an old fruit orchard on the location Preseľany (Slovakia). Over the years it has become a semi-natural biotope with outcrops to arable land. There are present at least three generations of the fruit trees and species of the indigenous flora which inhabited stand within succession. The site is a biodiversity hotspot harboring plant and animal species. The aim of the landscape-architectural design is to provide access to this space for relax and recreation in contact with the open landscape. The design aims to preserve the intact zone over most of the area and works with the narrative of nature return to the intensively used agricultural landscape. Three functional zones for visitors are proposed in the design - a movement zone, a rest zone and a children's zone. The expected benefits of the proposal are to provide contact with nature and opportunity for environmental education.
LIVESTOCK BREEDING AND MILK PROCESSING AS KEY FACTORS FOR THE PROMOTION OF AGRITOURISM ACTIVITIES IN BASILICATA
Carmela Lovallo, Salvatore Claps, Attilio Matera, Francesco Genovese
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0206
Basilicata is a small Italian region with a high percentage of marginal agricultural land, characterized by difficult environmental conditions that pose a challenge for agriculture and livestock farming, but which can become a productive, valuable and profitable resource for local communities and the environment. In a sustainable management approach, considering the potential and limitations of the area, the most appropriate choice is to focus on hardy breeds, which are more resistant and can effectively use fodder resources even if not of excellent quality. Dairy products related to these herds in marginal lands have better nutritional qualities, higher market value and contribute to the achievement of environmental, cultural, recreational, tourism and social benefits. This paper shows some considerations on both dairy farming and processing activities in Basilicata (Southern Italy), and points out their importance in terms of the development of agritourism activities and land promotion, an aspect that has been little investigated so far in this territorial context. The paper focuses on some experiences and case studies carried out in recent years, and on the prospects for further development in terms of safeguarding marginal areas and maintaining agritourism economic activity, as well as land conservation and protection.
MAPPING THE IN-BETWEEN – APPROACHES AND METHODS OF RESEARCHING URBAN VOIDS
Miroslav Čibik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0211
Losses of urban matter in town residential areas represent obstacles in the efficient use of built-up territory. At the same time, they carry a certain value — they are a territorial reserve with the potential for reuse. To ensure increased care, their functional restoration and reintegration into the urban fabric in the form of high-quality public spaces, it is necessary to apply several scientific and research methods. White space research is a long-term process accompanied by a wide range of analyses and different approaches. This quantitative and qualitative research is characterised by a certain sequence of steps and stages that follow each other chronologically and overlap in time. Due to the scope of the issue, it was therefore necessary to develop a work methodology in the initial stages of the research, and later a methodology for mapping and analysing white spaces. The presented article describes these practically proven methods of historical research, data collection, selection into the working database, evaluation, and application of a set of recommendations. Through specific examples from the environment of the regional capital cities of Nitra, Trnava and the district city of Banská Štiavnica, the contribution presents various forms of analytical tools and possibilities for researching white spaces.
NEW ELEMENTS IN THE LANDSCAPE OF THE PAVLOVSKÉ VRCHY HILLS
Jana Konečná, Michal Pochop, Veronika Sobotková, Tomáš Pochop, Jana Podhrázská, Eva Nováková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0216
The benefits of land consolidations for improving the ecological stability and recreational potential of agricultural landscapes are now well known. In this process, space for the design and implementation of soil, water and environment conservation measures (e.g., grassing, strip cropping, balks, tree belts, water reservoirs, …) is created. Land consolidation plans supported by the government can provide conditions for improving quality of life in rural areas. Protected area Pálava (Pavlovské vrchy hills) is sought after by tourists from the Czech Republic and abroad. The habitats of rare ecosystems on the slopes of hills with beautiful limestone rock formations are the subject of protection. The elements of plan of common facilities designed as a part of the simple land consolidation in Perná have potential to contribute to an increase the recreational attraction of this area.
OPPORTUNITIES TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE SITES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL WATER BODIES ON DRAINED AREAS
Jana Podhrázská, Josef Kučera, Petr Karásek, Jan Szturc, Michal Pochop
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0222
The main purpose of drainage, as one of the traditional amelioration measures, was to adjust the water and air regime of agricultural soils, i.e. to optimise the moisture and aeration of soils in terms of plant needs, soil workability and its carrying capacity for agricultural machinery. Due to changes in the economic conditions, progressive erosion of the land, unprofessional or rather neglected maintenance, ageing of structural elements, etc., quantitative and qualitative changes in the water regime of entire river basins have been occurring for a long time. The possible existence of drainage structures enters into the design of virtually all types of water management measures on small watercourses and in agricultural catchment areas and should be taken into account and used appropriately in these measures. Drainage water can subsidise small reservoirs, pools and wetlands, but only if the applicable standards are met, the technical design is appropriate, and the required water quality is maintained. The selection of the area for the implementation of small water bodies must be carefully considered with regard to the hydrological, morphological and soil conditions of the environment, the limits and possibilities of the area, especially with regard to the downstream processes in the area (management of the surrounding land, connection to the hydrographic network, etc.). In the present study, a procedure for the design and construction of small water bodies on drained land is presented using the outputs of a multi-criteria analysis based on the search for an optimal solution through the selected factors.
PARK OF CHOCOLATE: DESIGN IDEAS FOR A HISTORICAL VILLAGE PARK AT A CHOCOLATE FACTORY
Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0227
Ivanka pri Nitre is a small rural municipality situated close to the regional capital city Nitra in western Slovakia. The core of its green infrastructure consists in a historical park located in the centre of the village. In recent years, a chocolate factory was built in the northeastern part of the park and the factory alongside with the municipality aim at redesigning the park to meet the needs of users and visitors. The Institute of Landscape Architecture integrated this assignment in the Public Green Space Design Studio to develop design ideas in a research-led teaching process, using research by design. The studio generated seven different design scenarios that vary in philosophy and design morphology - ´the Park of Happiness and Joy´, ´The Path to Chocolate´, ´Green Island´, ´Colourful Park´, ´Park of Senses´, ´Park of Chocolate´, and ´Park of Fantasy´. All scenarios work in different forms and ways with the theme of chocolate and aim at enhancing the open space quality through colours, plants, programme, equipment, and furniture. Representatives of both the municipality and the factory were involved in the design process. Now they are seeking opportunities and schemes to implement the outcomes of the process.
POTENTIAL FOR CROWDSOURCED HYDROLOGIC DATA ON TFE MF KŘTINY AS A SIDE PRODUCT OF LOCAL RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Jan Deutscher, Ondřej Hemr, Petr Hrůza
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0232
Citizen science can be simply defined as the practice of engaging the public in the observation and production of reliable data and information usable by scientists. Citizen science is a growing phenomenon with many good results in various fields of science. To this day, there are already a number of examples of crowdsourced hydrological monitoring experiments that can be used as inspiration. One of the big challenges in streamflow measurements in small forest streams are the many potential sources of wrong readings (branches and leaves clogging the weir, animals interfering, ice and snowmelt, etc.) which cause high uncertainty in the measured data. The best way to combat this is to frequently monitor the state of the measuring device, which in remote forest areas can be rather complicated. Using a citizen science approach and allowing people to collect hydrometric data during their leisure activities can be a great way to increase the number of in situ readings and potentially greatly improving the quality of the available hydrological data. In this article we look at the possibilities and technological restrictions for crowdsourced hydrological data as well as their potential benefits at some areas on the Training forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny.
PRECIPITATION AND AIR TEMPERATURE TREND INVESTIGATION OF THE KOSICE BY TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
Yunus Ziya Kaya, Martina Zelenakova
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0237
Trend investigation of the hydrometeorological variables is a critical component of the adaptation to global climate change. Accurate determination of the ongoing hydrometeorological trends will help to make more reliable plans for a sustainable future. This study examined 50 years of monthly and annual data belonging to Kosice station using Mann-Kendall, Spearman’s rho, and Sen’s slope approaches. Trends of the precipitation and maximum and minimum air temperature were analyzed by applying the traditional methods mentioned. The Kosice station records start in 1972 and end in 2022, the same as for all three parameters. While trends were not identified for the precipitation as statistically meaningful, significantly increasing trends were found for minimum and maximum air temperature.
QUANTIFYING THE COOLING FUNCTION OF URBAN VEGETATION BASED ON IMAGE DATA ANALYSIS
Tereza Pohanková, Vilém Pechanec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0244
Important regulatory ecosystem functions of vegetation include cooling functions. CICES (ver. 5.1) classifies this function as Regulation of temperature and humidity, including ventilation and transpiration cices (code 2.2.6.2). In urban environments, this is one of the most important biocultural functions of the landscape, which has been highly valued by humans in recent times. However, for the expected benefit, it is not enough to know only its area but also the spatial distribution and the degree of undulations of a given function throughout the year. This paper presents an analysis of this function in Olomouc and its immediate surroundings. The results for the relative and absolute quantification of a) surface temperature change and b) Cooling Capacity Index are presented. Land surface temperature is the emitted thermal radiation from the ground surface or from the surface of tree canopies in vegetated areas. The urban cooling model (included in InVEST model) calculates a heat mitigation index based on shade, evapotranspiration and albedo, as well as distance from cooling islands. The results are related to the amount, type and distribution of vegetation as well as the population in each urban area.
RECREATIONAL AND SPORT FLYING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE
Jiří Chlebek, Jaromír Hammer, Jitka Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0249
Civil aviation is generally perceived as an area of human activity that places an extreme burden on the environment. This statement is often published without further explanation of the reasons leading to this clear conclusion. On closer analysis, it can be concluded that aviation has a general adverse impact on the environment, but so do many other human activities. If we were to look at aviation in more detail, we would find that it has been trying to reduce its environmental impact continuously since the second half of the last century. Whether it is in the form of procedures and technical solutions to reduce fuel consumption, or in reducing emissions, noise pollution, etc. In a number of areas (e.g. general aviation), it can contribute to the preservation and protection of the natural landscape (fauna and flora) by forming a natural barrier to the impact of other human activities in the area (road construction, urbanisation, etc.).
RECREATIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACES IN PÁROVCE, NITRA
Mária Bihuňová, Roberta Štěpánková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0253
Short term recreation is closely connected with the public open spaces in the residential areas. The mental health and satisfaction of the people living in the housing estates are related to the amount and quality of the green open spaces. Quality or success of open spaces is recognised by: great accessibility, logical functional division according to the landscape architectural design, nice and useful equipment/playgrounds, several places to meet with neighbours and plenty possibilities to rest. Another important element for satisfaction is different type of greenery in good health conditions. The outdoor recreation is one of the key factor for development of the physical and mental health of the children, youth, people in productive age and seniors.
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF NEWLY BUILT POOLS
Jana Marková, Věra Hubačíková, Petr Pelikán
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0258
Water retention in the landscape is an important activity for improving the hydrological and microclimatic conditions of a particular site. The current trend of building pools in the landscape is certainly one way to contribute to stabilising the hydrological regime in times of climate change. The presented research focuses on the recreational potential of newly built pools, at the Hastrman locality in the cadastral area of Janovice u Polné, which are managed by the Czech State Forest. Water quality monitoring in the pools is also part of the research. The recreational potential of the constructed pools is not insignificant for monitoring the increasing biodiversity on the site and in the surrounding area. The evaluation of the measured data was undertaken after one year of monitoring. The development of emergent vegetation and the gradual integration of the pools into the forest ecosystem was monitored at the site of interest.
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE AGROKOMPLEX NATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTER, STATE ENTERPRISE IN THE CHRENOVÁ URBAN DISTRICT NITRA, SLOVAKIA
Zuzana Vinczeová, Roberta Legros Štěpánková, Roberta Štěpánková, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0263
Agrokomplex is one of the largest and most significant exhibition complexes in Slovakia and its importance is proven by almost 50 years of exhibition activities. The exhibiton area is an important part of the urban structure of Nitra city, despite the fact that a large part of the complex is unused.This article deals with the issue of the exhibiton area of Agrokomplex and focuses on re-designing it into a more accessible space with a higher recreational value. Many of the premises of the exhibiton complex have a great potential which has not been fully discovered yet. Unfortunately these areas are affected by strong privatization and the negative impact of local policies. One of the specific areas of the exhibition complex is in the immediate vicinity of the Chrenová urban district, which has a significant proportion of urban green spaces, but lacks park areas. Based on these facts, we created a proposal of landscape-architectural design and scenarios, one of which presents the design of a small park mainly for the communities of Chrenová urban district, but also for the all inhabitants or tourists. Presented design can make the exhibition area more accessible, functional and community oriented by maximizing the recreational potencial and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal.
RECREATIONAL USAGE OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE JAVORNÍKY MTS
Vladimír Juško, Stanislav Azor, Jakub Bočko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0268
The forest, hiking and active recreation are the topics that are often associated with a person´s mental health. It is the forest and the forest environment that are used for tourism associated with active rest and gaining new energy. The Javorníky Mts. are characterized by high recreational attractiveness there are many historical cultural monuments, natural attractions and recreational centres. The territory is a favourite tourist area due to the number and variety of tourist trails, while it is exceptional in its accessibility from the Slovak and Czech sides. The whole area of the Javorníky Mts. comprises 56 trails with the total length of 859 km, their central part comprises 23 trails with the total length of 309 km. A proposal was created to increase the attractiveness of the area and its tourist potential, namely the proposal of a new multifunctional tourist trail with total length of 22.64 km equipped with recreational mobiliary. The proposed trail will contribute to increasing the accessibility of the territory, while the density of trails will increase to 7.94 m. ha-1.
RECREATIONAL USE OF LAND: UNVEILING THE MODERN FRONTIER OF OUTDOOR ADVENTURE – GEOCACHING
Stanislav Azor, Michal Marko, Štefan Adamčák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0273
Educators play an important role (crucial) in introducing students to new outdoor adventure – Geocaching; however, educators (many) may not be aware of new outdoor adventure and/or lack the training (resource) to incorporate Geocaching into education. Because of that students miss the chance (may) to discover the modern frontier of outdoor adventure; therefore, the present study was aimed at exploring the awareness and level of involvement of students in modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching. 4-question survey (instrument) was carried out 4 months, as means of exploring the awareness and level of involvement of 1464 students in modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching. 32.04% of students know Geocaching (p ˂ .01; n = 470) and 400 (27.32%) of students are familiar with Geocaching (p ˂ .01). 56.90% of students do not know anyone who uses the app (p ˂ .01; n = 832). In terms of lack of awareness and exposure to Geocaching in students, initiatives (efforts) should be undertaken to promote it as available and exciting outdoor adventure. By unveiling the modern frontier of outdoor adventure – Geocaching, students may discover new ways of learning, exploring, and outdoor fun.
REDUCING THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY USING RAIL TRANSPORT. CASE STUDY: BUCHAREST NORD-BRASOV ROUTE
Adrian-Nicolae Jipa, Camelia Teodorescu, Ioana Voinea, Darius Nestoriuc
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0277
Tourism represents an essential component in the socio-economic development of a state. However, often the methods used affect components of the natural environment. The main source of pollution when it comes to tourism is transport. The transport sector currently generates a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, with the road sector making the largest contribution at around 72%. Projections indicate that emissions generated by the transport sector will increase by approximately 32% in 2030 compared to 1990. A perspective on road transport is given by the use of hybrid cars or alternative fuels (CNG, LPG, hydrogen). By 2025, it is desired to install approximately one million public recharging and refueling stations that will contribute to achieving the goals of zeroemission or low-emission vehicles desired by the European Union. Until these objectives are met, rail transport has multiple advantages over road transport when it comes to environmental protection in the practice of tourism.
ROADSIDE TREES – AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE OPEN AREAS’ LANDSCAPE
Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Piotr Wiśniewski, Andrzej Długoński, Nataliia Boiko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0282
Tree plantings accompanying communication routes fulfil several technical, aesthetic and environmental functions. In the past, in open areas, they visually marked the route of the road (identification of the local road in the landscape thanks to regular trees - important in winter), protected against unfavourable weather conditions (excessive sun, strong wind, heavy snowfall), emphasized the importance of the space (representative roads, main entrances to villages, cities, residences). Properly shaped (proper structure and adaptation to the spatial context) allows for shaping landscape interiors, exposing an attractive spatial scenery or covering unattractive objects and views. The change and diversity of plant plantings along roads affect the safety of their users - it prevents monotony and driving fatigue. They have a clear environmental impact (protecting surrounding areas against noise and pollution), especially when part of a coherent system of mid-field trees. Ancient avenues are an essential and valuable element of the cultural landscape. In Europe, roadside tree plantings have a long tradition as a permanent landscape element. In some countries, the accelerated development of the road network in recent years has changed the established order of space organization along expressways and highways.
SAFETY PROVIDING ROLE OF URBAN PARKS – A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL PARK (NEW YORK, USA)
Paulina Polko, Kinga Kimic
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0288
Urban parks are widely recognized as extremely valuable areas for city dwellers thanks to providing green places for rest and leisure for different types of users. Among the limitations to their use, the literature often mentions safety concerns - a security perception among users depending on the time of day, weather, lighting, and park maintenance, but also on the behavior of other park users. The case study of Central Park (NY, USA) based on the data collected by the New York Police Department shows that this huge park visited by hundreds of people each day is significantly safer than the surrounding precincts. In particular, it is interesting that in the park there are fewer cases of crime such as rape and felony assault, as well as grand larceny, which are the most common in green urban areas. The results prove that urban green areas can play an important role in increasing the safety related to recreational activities in the city, which should be taken into account in modern placemaking initiatives.
STRENGTHS AND THREATS OF TOURISM IN THE HRANICE KARST
Hana Vavrouchová, Petra Oppeltová, Jozef Sedláček, Kristýna Kohoutková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0292
The Hranice Karst is a globally unique area with many natural and cultural-historical characteristics. However, it should be pointed out that the potential of these values is largely untapped. The main problem is the need for a coordinated communication strategy for all stakeholders and a sustainable regional development plan. The orientation towards tourism is very promising and desirable. However, there needs to be more adequate infrastructure and services for tourists (and residents) based on sustainability and protective facilities. Territorial values are managed without meaningful linkages, and their management can often be considered inadequate. The most attractive site, the Hranice Abyss (the deepest flooded abyss in the world), was monitored in 2022 to provide an overview of visitor numbers and profiles. This site may be overloaded in the future. The monitoring confirmed the site's tourist attraction and transit character (only a minimum of visitors stay longer in the area; there needs to be more information about the area and a more comprehensive range of services). This text summarizes the points for a management plan to diversify the tourist offer, sustainable recreation and local benefits.
STRIP CROP ROTATION IN FARMLAND MANAGEMENT: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO SOIL CONSERVATION AND ENHANCING THE AESTHETIC AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE LANDSCAPE
Petr Karásek, Michal Pochop, Eva Nováková, Tomáš Pochop, Josef Kučera
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0296
This article describes the importance of strip crop rotation as an effective means of reducing soil erosion and as an aesthetic feature in the landscape. Strip crop rotation is an integrated approach to sustainable agriculture where different crops are systematically rotated in well-defined strips. We analyse the impact of this system on reducing water erosion, hydrological balance, and improving soil structure. We also focus on the aesthetic impact of crop grazing on the landscape and its ability to create harmonious and attractive visual elements in the landscape. This contributes to a higher aesthetic value of the landscape and enhances the recreational potential. The study presents a specific example of an agricultural area in the cadastral area of Rostěnice, where this approach has been successfully implemented in practice.
SUITABLE AND UNSUITABLE ROOF COVERINGS FOR SMALL BUILDINGS IN THE LANDSCAPE
Pavla Kotásková, Jitka Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0301
According to the Building Act, a minor building in the countryside can be, for example, shelters with one storey above ground, which serve public transport, and other publicly accessible shelters up to 40 square meters of built-up area and up to 4 m in height. Such small buildings may serve tourists or cyclists. The paper focuses on the recommendation of suitable roofing materials for structures intended to enhance the attractiveness and recreational use of the landscape. Roofing materials should be selected mainly according to the slope of the roof. The roof, which terminates the building work, is an important architectural element. For buildings in the landscape, we require that they blend appropriately into the landscape. There is a large variety of roofing materials, but the choice needs to be given the necessary attention. Roofing made from natural materials should be the most appropriate, but a range of other roofing materials can be recommended to suit local conditions.
TEMPORAL TRENDS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY IN THE LANDSCAPE AND IN THE CROSSING STRUCTURES ACROSS MAIN ROADS IN AUSTRIA
Mořic Jurečka, Jitka Fialová, Florian Danzinger, Christoph Plutzar, Petr Čermák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0306
In recent decades, the pressure on the environment and biodiversity has increased dramatically, mainly due to human activities. In order to improve the connectivity between habitats and also to safeguard both nature conservation and human well-being, elements of grey and green infrastructure have recently been increasingly implemented. Understanding how different human activities change over time is an essential information for conservation and landscape planning. To reveal temporal trends in human activity, annual photo-trapping data were used at sites in the cultural landscape and at crossing structures across main roads in Austria. Data collected throughout the year 2022 were categorized into eight categories of human activity involving pedestrians, pedestrians with dogs, cyclists, equestrians, motorcyclists, cars, farm and forest machinery, and others. Cars were the most represented category (48 %), followed by pedestrians (21 %) and farm and forestry machinery (13 %). Overall, the highest level of human activity during the year was recorded in the spring months. The daily pattern was dominated by human activity before and after noon. The individual categories varied according to the distribution of records over the days of the week, but in general most records were taken on Tuesdays and at the weekends. To understand human behaviour in detail, a focus on a specific category of human activity, is essential.
THE “PLACE MEANING” CONCEPT IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY FROM THE BOHEMIAN PARADISE PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AREA, CZECHIA
Dominik Rubáš, Anežka Nejedlová, Tomáš Matějček
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0311
The local landscape is a part of the space that surrounds people from childhood and offers them opportunities for cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor development. Students grow up within this landscape, forming a relationship with it, that can extend over large areas throughout their lives. This relationship can be influenced by the meanings that students attribute to the given territory. There is limited research focusing on the concept of “place meaning” in education. The presented study aims to fill this research gap. The respondents are 257 fifth-grade students from primary schools located in the Bohemian Paradise Protected Landscape Area and its immediate vicinity (44% of all fifth-grade students). Data was collected through field research using questionnaires and supplemented by interviews with students in focus groups. Responses were evaluated through content analysis, descriptive statistics, and statistical analysis. The results indicate that, with regard to specific places, students most commonly associate the term Bohemian Paradise with Trosky and Turnov. Additionally, students most commonly recognized these places in photographs. Students most commonly associate the Bohemian Paradise with adjectives such as “beautiful”, “nice”, and “protected”. Boys recognized a greater number of important places in the Bohemian Paradise than girls, and overall, knowledge of these places significantly increases with the time children spend in nature. The results contribute to research on sense of place – an important theme of environmental education.
THE BLATNÁ WATER DITCH – AN EXAMPLE OF CONNECTING MULTIPLE INTERESTS WHILE PRESERVING A FUNCTIONAL MONUMENT OF TECHNICAL HERITAGE
Miloš Rozkošný, Miriam Dzuráková, David Honek, Jaromír Florian, Aleš Vyskočil, Kateřina Sedláčková, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0318
The Blatná water ditch, also named “Blatenský” water channel, belongs to a specific group of monuments of so-called technical and industrial heritage, which have managed to preserve their work even in the face of a change in function and repeated degradation of the structure and partial structures. It was necessary during the previous two reconstruction phases to balance the oftenconflicting interests of historic preservation, nature protection, provision of water management functions and interests connected with tourism in the Ore Mountains. This was due to the nature of the water ditch representing an artificial water channel itself with many accompanying structures, e.g. the aqueduct and water distribution facilities. This paper aims to demonstrate the possibilities of solving the reconstruction of similar waterworks taking into account the aforementioned interests and at the same time preserving the maximum possible authenticity of the work, including the structural design and the techniques used for carrying out the work.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF TOURISM AND RECREATION ALSO AFFECTS THE VALUE OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
David Brandejs, Pavel Klika
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0322
Recreation, as a phenomenon of modern life, encompasses diverse activities that provide escape and relaxation from everyday routine and work stress. This short-term leisure activity is often associated with travel to various locations, both nearby and distant, offering various forms of relaxation and entertainment. These activities include spa stays, beach vacations, but also active holidays involving outdoor sports, exploring new cultures, and environments. Increased tourist traffic brings both positive and negative impacts to destinations. From an economic perspective, tourism can be a source of income for local businesses and contribute to the economic growth of the destination. However, the negative aspect is often associated with the strain on infrastructure, increased resource consumption, and environmental pollution. In the context of property value, tourism can have a dual effect. On one hand, the attractiveness of the destination may increase residential property prices in the area, especially if it is considered a prestigious tourist spot. On the other hand, excessive tourist traffic may reduce attractiveness for potential residents due to issues such as noise, pollution, and overcrowding. The study focuses on evaluating this complex relationship between tourism and property value in a given location. The article presents the final results of the study and cohesively builds upon previously presented articles and partial findings.
THE FUTURE OF DESIGNED LANDSCAPES IN THE NATIONAL PARK
Kristýna Kříčková, Alena Salašová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0327
The Czech Republic is unique for its high number of preserved landscape compositions linked to noble settlements and pilgrimage sites. The historical designed landscape has an exceptional potential for the development of recreation. If it´s located in a specially protected area, the question arises of how to reconcile the conflicting interests of conservation, tourism development and nature protection. The current system of conservation and spatial planning hasn´t optimally set processes for dealing with this issue. The subject of the research is the area Vranovsko-Bítovsko. It´s an area that is highly used for recreation, with the concentration of recreationists concentrated in 3 specific places - Vranov Castle, Bítov Castle and Vranov Dam. However, the potential of the whole area is much higher and unused. Promoting recreation is the way to increase the economy and awareness of the cultural and natural values. It´s a relatively neglected area hasn´t been the subject of systematic research. There isn´t comprehensive identification and interpretation; there isn´t plan for the protection and regeneration. The NP Podyjí now encroaches upon a significant part of the composition and it´s in these places that the two protection regimes are clashing, leading to the slow demise of the main body of the composition. The aim of the research is to identify all the elements, define the most endangered places and propose a suitable solution.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL VINEYARD LANDSCAPES IN NATURE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION
Marek Havlíček, Hana Skokanová, Tomáš Slach, Marie Vymazalová, Markéta Šantrůčková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0332
One of the current research projects in the Czech Republic, focusing on complex landscape research is represented by Centre for Landscape and Biodiversity (Divland). Within this project, one part focuses on historical cultural landscapes and their structures. Historical cultural landscapes are longterm created and influenced by human activities. These are mainly sustainable activities without intensive mechanization, and lead to an increase in the cultural and natural values of the area. The vineyard landscape can be also evaluated as one of the valuable historical structures of the landscape. In the model area around the towns of Hodonín and Kyjov, the individual features of this landscape, their importance of preservation for cultural and natural heritage, sustainable business in agriculture and the development of tourism were monitored. During map archival research and field investigation, various types of preserved traditional historical structures of landscapes with typical features, which are desirable to maintain and preserve for future generations, were found. The difficulty of maintaining this type of landscape was discussed with local winemakers. From discussions with local operators of wineries, accommodation facilities and restaurants, it emerged that the historical structures of wine landscapes are one of the important aspects for tourists to visit this region.
THE REQUALIFICATION OF ANCIENT ROADS FOR PUBLIC RECREATION
Zoe Godosi, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0338
The shape that Man gave to his environment is evidenced by the legacy currently existing in several rural places. In many areas of Europe, the original design inspiration for roads has been unfortunately lost throughout the ages. A key strategy for the sustainable growth of rural tourism may pass through the requalification of some ancient roads. It could include the analysis of the historic route-based itineraries created on time, such those constructed in Europe by the Romans, or later for religious pilgrimages in the Middle Ages. Some of these paths, already existing – like the “Francigena Way” and the "Herculia Way", crossing Southern Italy – currently constitute a collection of arterial roadways, dating back to the Roman Empire. In the present paper, the potential requalification of these ways has been examined. Together with the ancillary minor road network – known as "tratturi" (sheep-tracks), which are partially still in use - their potential structural and functional restoration may be considered, to valorize paths that could be traveled on foot, by bicycle, or by horseback. The preservation and improvement of these important landscape elements, aimed to an enhancement of rural historic heritage and sustainable environmental management, could thus improve the consequent promotion of public recreation.
THE URBAN GREENERY OF THE BRNO CITY AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE'S RECREATION AS WELL AS THE LIFE OF LARGE WILD MAMMALS
Jakub Drimaj
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0343
In the model area of the Brno city, research focused on monitoring the occurrence of wild mediumsized and large mammals is underway. The task of the project is to find out the species spectrum of mammals occurring in the landscape structure of the city, to estimate their density, risk situations and to provide guidance to the state administration and self-government for their management and solving situations. After the first year of the solution, it is possible to present the results from the part of the research dealing with the regular monitoring of urban greenery. Paired areas of large urban parks, forest parks, areas after mining, horticultural colonies and suburban forests were selected. These were inspected regularly, once a month, 2 hours after sunset with a thermal imaging device. The following species were recorded: domestic cat, red squirrel, marten, red fox, wild boar, roe deer, badger and raccoon dog. Free-living mammals thus adapt to life in an urban environment, get used to the presence of humans, and become part of the urban landscape. This brings with it many negative consequences that will have to be actively addressed sooner or later.
TOURISM USE OF POST VOLCANIC RESOURCES IN COVASNA, ROMANIA AND THE IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Camelia Teodorescu, Adrian Nicolae Jipa, Ana-Irina Lequeux-Dinca, Darius Nestoriuc, Ioana Voinea
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0346
Tourism and natural environments are closely linked, but tourism can create landscape imbalances by exploiting natural resources in a territory. This study presents the expansion of tourism and services in Covasna County, where carbon dioxide emissions and sulfurous gas releases manifest current postvolcanic activities resulting from the Pliocene volcanic activity. Today, these sulfurous gases are used for therapeutic purposes in the form of mofette. In recent years, hotels and guesthouses have been built, and recreational facilities have been expanded. Large forested areas have been cleared for construction, leading to significant natural landscape changes. The Covasna resort is known for its rich and varied mineral waters, which include radioactive mofette. It is an essential destination in Romania, particularly for those seeking treatment for cardiovascular diseases. However, for sustainability reasons, it is essential to maintain a balance between tourism and the natural environment.
TREES AS A PART OF SMALL SACRAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE LIPTOV REGION
Marek Hus
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0351
Elements of small sacral architecture such as the wayside shrines, chapels, belfries, sculpture of saints, but also crosses represent significant features in the cultural landscape of Slovakia. The article provides an overview of the origin, historical development, typology and meaning of small sacral architecture elements, with a particular focus on their functional and symbolic links with woody plants, especially with the trees that accompany them. Trees are an accompanying element of sacral monuments and, as in the past, as well as today, they contribute to the appearance of these cultural monuments in an urbanized areas or in the landscape. At the municipal or regional level, they create a whole set of small cultural and natural monuments, which as a system has a high value and importance for local communities and potential for local tourism and recreation, as well as for nature and landscape protection. The paper presents new and original results and knowledge obtained from field research of small sacral architecture and the trees that are part of it in the Liptov region, located in the northern part of Slovakia. Trees mapping near small sacral architecture facilities in Liptov took place in 2019-2021 on the territory of 37 Liptov municipalities.
URBAN PARK AS A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT'S LABORATORY; THE IMPORTANCE OF OPEN EDUCATION AND POPULARIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL DEMANDS
Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Andrzej Długoński, Piotr Wiśniewski
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0359
For the past five years, the Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW has been hosting popular science tours, offering a unique opportunity to explore Warsaw's parks through the eyes of landscape architects who are both scientists and practitioners. These tours are not just educational outings; they are immersive experiences that allow participants to see the parks in a new light. Each walk is led by a team of tour guides, the landscape architect, and the dendrologist, who deeply understand parks' design principles and maintenance issues. The dynamic interactions between guides and participants foster community and active engagement in preserving and appreciating the city's park spaces. During each walk, the unique features of the selected park's composition are highlighted, and noteworthy tree and shrub species are identified, emphasizing their unique characteristics and historical significance. Tours are thoughtfully scheduled on non-working days (Sundays) to ensure better public access and a non-profit open walk format is used. The 2024 walks, planned for May, June, and July, introduce two new routes connecting exciting locations, such as the Gardens of the Royal Castle, Vistula Boulevards, and the University of Warsaw Library, enhancing the program's dynamism. The experience gathered from past years allows us to continually improve the idea, making it more accessible and enjoyable for all (e.g. video-relations). This publication is intended to present the implementation and the social meaning of landscape walks in urban parks and gardens.
VISITORS' PERSPECTIVES ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL PARKS IN KOSOVO, MONTENEGRO AND ALBANIA
Azdren Doli, Taulant Doli, Dastan Bamwesigye
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0365
This study investigated tourists' opinions on destination experiences within National Parks (NPs) in Kosovo, Montenegro and Albania, focusing on visitor satisfaction with the destination. Data was collected in the field through 366 surveys to assess visitor perspectives. The statistical analysis included descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative methods. The results highlight variations in visitor ratings across destinations, with Montenegro generally receiving higher (positive) ratings than Kosovo and Albania. The most valued issues by visitors are the diversity and wildness of the landscapes, food and hospitality. At the same time, the least valued (negative) are road infrastructure, orientation signs and waste management in the park. The study highlights the importance of visitor feedback in formulating sustainable tourism strategies, emphasising the need for balanced growth and environmental conservation in destination management.
VISUAL EXPOSURE OF MONUMENTS ON CYCLE ROUTES IN THE NITRA SELF-GOVERNING REGION
Adam Čaplák, Henrich Grežo
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0371
The promotion of cycling transportation (CT) and cycling tourism is pivotal for societal advancement, owing to their progressive, eco-friendly, and health-promoting attributes. This study delineates the multifaceted benefits of CT and cycling tourism, encompassing economic, ecological, health, and social dimensions. Emphasizing the importance of robust cycling infrastructure, the research aims to bolster cycling tourism, particularly in rural areas, through the establishment of functional cycling routes. Focusing on the Nitra Self-Governing Region, this work evaluates the proximity of historical landmarks to cycling routes, envisioning their integration into cultural, educational, and sightseeing excursions. Through comprehensive analysis, including the identification and characterization of historical sites and the delineation of buffer zones along cycling routes, the study reveals the potential for enriching cycling tourism experiences. The findings provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of historical attractions, facilitating informed decision-making for the sustainable development of cycling tourism in the region.
VISUAL POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY OF BUCHAREST'S CITY CENTER
Ioana Voinea, Aurel Gheorghilas, Adrian-Nicolae Jipa, Camelia Teodorescu, Darius Nestoriuc
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0376
The downtown areas of major cities, through their rich cultural offerings represented by imposing buildings and long-lasting activities, are tourist attractions. However, the presence of billboards displaying content less suitable for all age groups or colorful graffiti with messages bordering on obscenity can compromise tourists' perception of the area. This study investigates the phenomenon of visual pollution and its implications on the urban landscape, focusing on the central area of Bucharest, Romania. Visual pollution encompasses various forms of unaesthetic elements in the urban landscape, not limited to litter, graffiti, large and aggressive billboards, and architectural degradation. The analysis method is empirical through interviews, with 98 Romanian and foreign tourists participating. The study's results highlight the influence of aesthetics/visual pollution on urban and cultural tourism in the Municipality of Bucharest. The measures proposed by the study are mostly suggestions from the interviewed tourists. They include sanitation and limiting advertising content, both in terms of billboard size and careful analysis of the exposed content.
VISUAL POLLUTION PROVIDED BY BUILDINGS WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF DECAY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY OF BRĂILA CITY CENTER
Darius Nestoriuc, Ioana Voinea, Adrian-Nicolae Jipa, Camelia Teodorescu, Aurel Gheorghilas
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0381
The Danube’s citys have a long history, a specific culture and an architecture capable of expressing their entire past. Braila is one of these cities, whose commercial history is visually described by a series of buildings whose functionality has ceased, remaining only a message immortalized in walls and ornamental details on the facades. The study tries to show the contrast between the importance that many buildings in the Braila harbour had, their multicultural expressiveness and the unpleasant aspect of their current state of decay. The method of analysis is the empirical one of the questionnaire, applied on a number of 137 respondents regarding the visual pollution and the unpleasant aspect offered by them. The results of the study confirm the role played by these buildings, some of them considered "symbol" by the residents, the unpleasant appearance and the need for reabilitation. The shortcomings mentioned are the lack of local government funds and the legislation related to their form of ownership, many being privately owned.
WALK WITHOUT DESTROYING, PROTECT WITHOUT PROHIBITING ; NATURE : ACCESS UNDER CONDITIONS
Philippe Pesteil
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0386
Public policies and local administrations are faced with an unavoidable paradox: how to make nature accessible to as many people as possible, while protecting the environment and biodiversity from the excesses of over-frequentation? The growth of tourism in most national GDPs makes this activity a key sector of development. Pressure exerted on the territory by facilities and the presence of the public act directly as threats to nature. Depending on their interests, different social categories take different positions on the measures to be adopted to prevent and remedy the damage caused. Local balances of power directly determine how regulations are accepted and how they are received by those working in the field (farmers, hunters, members of associations, politicians, technicians, etc.). We will be guided by an anthropological approach that examines the relationship between man and nature, and the implementation of environmental protection policies. We will illustrate our remarks based on our field experiences: Corsica (France), Brittany (France), and Eastern Siberia (Republic of Sakha/Russian Federation).
WAYS OF BUILDING A RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INTERVENTION AND ITS HOST STRUCTURE
Miroslav Čibik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0393
The presented article deals with the observation of the reciprocal relationship at the level of architecture - landscape - recipient, in the environment of white spaces. The definition of reciprocity is commonly understood as mutual exchange and dependence. The term for the purposes of this paper describes the mutually beneficial two-way processes between the environment and intervention in the landscape. The unused space in the form of an urban void is perceived as a host structure that serves as a background and a territory for the intervention. As intervention benefits from what the environment can offer — landscape, location, greenery, views, axes, connections, openness, intimacy, operation, background, colour, materiality and many other attributes that deliver quality, then the white space, on the contrary, benefits from the new form, which draws attention to the location, attracts recipients who begin to use and occupy the place, provides connectivity to the site and the transit function turns into a residential function. The paper presents a situation of introducing an intervention — a wooden installation called "AMFI", into the white space environment. It is an anti-amphitheatre, or a house that cannot be entered, an object that cannot be inhabited. Using the example of this specific reciprocal relationship, the article further describes the individual aspects of the issue.
WILL THE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF OUR FORESTS BRING ABOUT A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN THE REPRESENTATION OF ALLERGENIC TREE SPECIES?
Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0399
The dominant negative effect of forests, or forest trees not only for recreation in forests and their surroundings but also for the health of the population is caused by pollen allergies of some trees. In the territory of Central Europe, it is mainly hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), birches (Betula sp.), and alders, especially common alder (Alnus glutinosa). Climate development scenarios published by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) until the year 2100 indicate that with the trend of increasing air temperature, there will be a significant change in the habitat conditions of our forests and thus probably also a change in their structure. It can be assumed that a change in the structure of forests will mean, among other things, an increase in the proportion of deciduous trees. The article indicates the possible development of the representation of allergenic tree species on the territory of the Czech Republic and the influence of this development on the recreational and health-hygienic potential of forests in the near future.
YOUTHS PERCEPTIONS OF AGROFORESTRY IN UGANDA: MOTIVATIONS AND WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN HIGHLAND AGROFORESTRY TREE PLANTING AND LANDSCAPE PROTECTION
Dastan Bamwesigye, Evans Yeboa, Seval Ozbalci, Jitka Fialova, Robert Tweheyo, Obed Asamoah
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0403
This study investigates public (youths) willingness to participate in highland agroforestry tree planting initiatives and perceptions of agroforestry in Uganda. Through a questionnaire survey (N= 1138), data were collected on respondents' willingness to engage in agroforestry activities, motivations for participation, preferred methods of participation, and perceptions of agroforestry effectiveness. Results indicate a strong overall willingness among respondents to participate in highland agroforestry tree planting, with 89.3% expressing willingness. Primary motivations for participation include environmental conservation, water regulation, and soil conservation. Younger respondents and those with higher education levels demonstrated a greater willingness to participate, suggesting that demographic factors influence attitudes towards agroforestry. Planting tree strips emerged as the preferred method of participation, followed by planting indigenous tree species and practising sustainable agriculture methods. While respondents generally rated agroforestry effectiveness moderately, they perceived land and forest degradation in Uganda as significant issues. These findings underscore the potential for expanding agroforestry practices in Uganda's highlands and highlight the importance of targeted outreach and education to engage diverse demographic groups in environmental conservation efforts and support for Eco-Tourism. Future research should focus on optimizing agroforestry interventions to address perceived barriers and enhance their effectiveness in mitigating land and forest degradation, and possible impact on Eco-Tourism in the region.